在强大的AI时代_教师应该教什么_学生应该学什么_（英）_14页_1mb

Summary: What Should Teachers Teach and Students Learn in a World of Powerful AI?

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing and reshaping the landscape of education, necessitating a re-examination of core questions in curriculum development. This analysis draws from an OECD expert workshop and broader discussions, highlighting how AI's transformative potential impacts what should be taught and learned in schools, with a particular focus on science education.

Core Questions Being Revisited

The document revisits fundamental curriculum questions, including:

• What are the purposes of schooling?
• What knowledge, skills, and attitudes should students learn?
• What content and experiences best facilitate learning?
• How should curriculum content be organized effectively?

In the context of powerful AI, new questions arise:

• How will AI capabilities change future needs for human skills and knowledge?
• What role will science and other disciplines play if many tasks are automated?

AI's Impact on Education Goals

AI advancements may not entirely replace current educational goals but can shift emphasis toward more human-centric skills. Key considerations include:

• Focusing on "competent outsiders" – individuals capable of understanding and critically evaluating scientific information, promoting lifelong learning and trust in science.
• Emphasizing skills like critical evaluation, creativity, societal engagement, and ethical awareness, as AI handles routine cognitive tasks.
• Shifting from a narrow STEM workforce preparation to fostering broader competencies applicable in an AI-driven world.

Expert Recommendations for Curriculum

The workshop suggested several changes to curriculum design and content:

• Rethink learning experiences: Base science education on inquiry practices relevant to students' lives, starting with intrinsically motivating questions (e.g., "how does this work?") and connecting to real-world issues.
• Focus on systems thinking: Shift from discipline-based to systems-level learning, incorporating cross-cutting concepts (e.g., patterns, cause and effect, stability and change).
• Integrate technology education: Teach students to understand AI as a tool, including its capabilities, limitations, and ethical use.
• Promote inclusion and equity: Not all students need to master every scientific topic, but education should ensure broad access to foundational concepts and support diverse learning pathways.
• Emphasize joyful and flexible learning: Early engagement with science can spark curiosity, and flexible education pathways (e.g., personalized learning) can accommodate varied student interests and community contexts.

Challenges and Lessons Learned

The workshop highlighted that:

• AI capabilities are still evolving, making it essential to consider scenarios with uncertainty (e.g., potential limits and societal implications).
• Curriculum redesign requires collaborative efforts involving policymakers, educators, and experts to address complexities like social inequalities and ethical debates.
• Flexibility and adaptive pedagogical approaches are key to integrating AI positively, including co-designing learning experiences with students.

Conclusion

The OECD report concludes that AI will fundamentally transform how we live and work, demanding proactive adaptation of school curricula. Education must evolve to focus on uniquely human skills, fostering critical thinking, socio-emotional development, and a deeper understanding of AI's role in society, ensuring that schoolwork remains relevant in an AI-powered world. Further pilot discussions and localized implementations will be vital to shape these changes globally.