2017年-世界发展银行全球_Improving_Firms_Innovation_to_Foster_Productivity_and_Diversification___Competitive_Reinforcement_of_Value_Chains_in_Ecuador_56页_1mb

Summary of Report: Improving Firms' Innovation to Foster Productivity and Diversification in Ecuador

Core Content

This report, titled "Improving firms' innovation to foster productivity and diversification" by Maria Deborah Kim and Gloria Ferrer Morera, provides an analysis of competitive reinforcement initiatives (CRIs) and cluster development programs (CDPs) in Ecuador. It aims to support the Ministry of Industry and Productivity (MIPRO) in identifying and prioritizing value chains that can enhance productivity and diversification, ultimately improving competitiveness.

Main Objectives

• To identify and prioritize value chains and clusters for improvement.
• To analyze the framework and methodology of CRIs and CDPs.
• To explore the linkages between innovation, productivity, and diversification in agricultural value chains.
• To present the rationale and effects of CDPs, with examples from other countries.

Key Findings and Main Points

1. Competitiveness and Economic Diversification

• Ecuador's competitiveness has been declining due to slow productivity growth, reliance on natural resource exports, and limited export diversification.
• The appreciation of the U.S. dollar and falling oil prices have further constrained government fiscal capacity.
• The need for economic diversification and competitiveness is urgent, especially for sustainable growth and structural transformation.

2. Cluster Concept and Importance

• Clusters are defined as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, suppliers, and service providers in the same value chain.
• They are crucial for industrial upgrading, employment creation, and poverty alleviation.
• The cluster approach allows for the identification of competitiveness determinants and the development of targeted strategies.

3. Cluster Screening Methodology

• The methodology includes five steps: identification of companies, definition of businesses, cluster definition criteria, cluster selection criteria, and preliminary strategic analysis.
• It is based on Porter’s concepts of competitiveness and strategic segmentation.
• The process was applied through three technical workshops in Ecuador in 2016.

4. Prioritized Industries

• A total of 12 industries were identified and prioritized based on criteria such as critical mass, exports, employment, and innovation.
• The industries include: Textile and apparel, Furniture and wood products, Cocoa, Coffee, Fish, Palm, Meat products, Dairy products, Fresh fruit, Fresh vegetables, Canned fruit and vegetables, and Banana and plantain.

5. Excluded Industries

• Some industries were excluded due to lack of critical mass or alignment with the objectives of CDPs.
• These include: Metal-mechanics, Pharmaceutical products, Flat steel, Shipbuilding, Pulp, and KIBS, logistics, and transport.

6. Scoring and Ranking

• A scoring system was used to evaluate the importance and potential of each industry.
• Industries were ranked based on composite scores derived from critical mass, exports, employment, and innovation indicators.

7. Cluster Development Programs (CDPs)

• CDPs are proposed as a means to support clusters and improve competitiveness and productivity.
• The report discusses the rationale for CDPs and their effects on firm productivity.
• It presents examples of CDPs from Brazil, Colombia, Austria, and Haiti, along with lessons learned.

Key Information

• The report is part of a non-lending technical assistance (NLTA) initiative by the World Bank Group.
• It builds on previous work by the World Bank Group on productivity, innovation, and diversification in Ecuador.
• The methodology used for cluster screening was developed by The Cluster Competitiveness Group, Inc.
• The data used for scoring comes from the 2013 National Innovation Survey and INEC statistics.
• The Industrial Policy for 2016–2025 was introduced during the technical assistance period.

Strategic Segmentation and Analysis

• Strategic segmentation was applied to four key industries: coffee, cocoa, fish, and wood products.
• Each industry was analyzed using tools such as the five forces model and segment analysis.
• The report highlights the need for innovation and productivity improvements in these industries to enhance their position in global value chains (GVCs).

Institutionalization of CDPs

• The institutional structure is critical for the success of CDPs.
• The report emphasizes the importance of setting up the right institutional arrangements to support local clusters.
• CDPs are presented as a successful institutional approach to implementing CRIs.

Conclusion and Recommendations

• The report concludes that CDPs are a viable avenue for improving competitiveness and productivity in Ecuador.
• It recommends continued support for the prioritized industries and the institutionalization of CDPs.
• Further improvements in the business environment are also necessary for long-term competitiveness.

Appendices

• Annex A: Workshop participants.
• Annex B: Cluster screening methodology.
• Annex C: Competitive Reinforcement Initiative methodology.
• Annex D: Guidelines for local Sector-specific Public-Private Dialogue Practitioners.
• Annex E: References.

Abbreviations

• AIMA: Asociación Ecuatoriana de Industrias de la Madera
• ANECAFE: Asociación nacional de exportadores de café
• ATPT: Agendas para la Transformación Productiva Territorial
• ASOTECA: Asociación Ecuatoriana de Productores de Teca y Maderas Tropicales
• CDP: Cluster Development Program
• ECMP: Estrategia Nacional para el Cambio de la Matriz Productiva
• EU: European Union
• FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVCs: Global Value Chains
• IDB: Inter-American Development Bank
• INEN: Servicio Ecuadoriano de Normalización
• KIBS: Knowledge Intensive Business Services
• LMICs: Low- and middle-income countries
• MAGAP: Ministerio Coordinador de Producción, Empleo y Competitividad
• MCPEC: Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Acuacultura y Pesca
• MIPRO: Ministerio de Industrias y Productividad
• NLTA: Non-Lending Technical Assistance
• NQI: National Quality Infrastructure
• PPD: Public-Private Dialogue
• RCA: Revealed Comparative Advantage
• SAE: Servicio de Acreditación Ecuatoriano
• SENESCYT: Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
• SME: Small and Medium Enterprise
• SPPD: Sector-Specific Public-Private Dialogue