2023-12-31-世界银行-缅甸_加剧粮食安全挑战_75页_6mb

Myanmar Agriculture and Food Security Summary

The June 2023 Agriculture and Food Security Monitoring Report details persistent challenges in Myanmar’s agricultural sector and food security. Declining cultivated areas and yields (e.g., cropland harvested in April 2023 dropped by 32% compared to 2019-2022 averages) threaten crop production, while livestock farming faces low prices and feed affordability issues. High inflation and rising food prices (rice increased by 17.6% year-on-year) have eroded household purchasing power, exacerbated by exchange rate volatility and policy interventions like export restrictions, which reduced agricultural exports by 7% in 2023.

Farm incomes are declining primarily due to high fertilizer costs and lower yields, with over 70% of farm households reporting reduced income. Remittances are gaining importance, but domestic migration strains food access, especially in conflict-affected regions like Sagaing and Rakhine. Nation-wide rice sufficiency masks regional imbalances; deficit areas like Chin, Kayah, and Mon face shortages, while surplus areas grapple with managing displaced populations. Access to essential foods is hampered by logistics, availability, and affordability issues, contributing to rising food insecurity—nearly 30% of households are food insecure, with over 700,000 people skipping meals.

Nutrition and dietary diversity are deteriorating, with reduced consumption of proteins, dairy, and pulses. The COVID-19 recovery and political instability have hindered risk management and agricultural insurance, limiting farmers' resilience. Upcoming monsoon season forecasts indicate continued challenges, emphasizing the need for interventions in input subsidies, post-harvest infrastructure, and targeted support for vulnerable groups, alongside addressing IDP displacements and market disruptions.