2021-06-12-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Weekly_bulletin_7_-_13_June_2021_17页_1mb

Meningitis Weekly Bulletin Summary (Week 23, 2021)

I. Epidemiological Situation (Week 23)

• Total Cases Reported: 72 cases across multiple countries, including Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, and Chad.
• Case Fatality Rate (CFR): 8.3% overall. Variations by country: Burkina Faso (9.1%), Ghana (14.3%), Chad (37.5%).
• Alerts and Epidemic Thresholds:
  • No districts crossed epidemic thresholds.
  • Alert thresholds crossed: Ghana (Nandom district), Senegal (Diamniadio district).
• Completeness: Most reports (74 districts) were 100% complete, but only 37.1% of the reportable weeks had complete data.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Not subject to alert/threshold monitoring due to its geographical location outside the meningitis belt.

II. Epidemiological Situation (January 1 – Week 23, 2021)

• Cumulative Cases: 7,848 suspected meningitis cases reported from 18 countries.
• Overall CFR: 4.8% (478 deaths).
• Alerts: 40 districts were in alert status, spread across various countries.
• Completeness: Data from 217 districts were reported, covering 55.7% of all possible districts reporting during this period.
• Recommendations:
  • Strengthen surveillance during the epidemic season.
  • Use the sub-district approach for districts with populations over 100,000.
  • Encourage vaccination, especially with MenAfriVac where applicable.

III. Laboratory Data (Weeks 1 – 23, 2021)

• Sample Analysis: 3,701 CSF (Lumbar Puncture) samples analyzed.
• Dominant Pathogen: NmC (Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C) identified in 55.4% of positive samples, primarily in Niger, Benin, and Burkina Faso.
  • Significant pathogens: Spn (Streptococcus pneumoniae) 28.3%, NmX 8.5%, NmW 3.5%, Hib (H. influenzae type B) 2.3%.
• Recommendations:
  • Ensure at least 50% of suspect cases undergo lumbar puncture and CSF analysis.
  • Initiate immediate laboratory request (ICG - International Coordination Group) to confirm cases upon crossing alert thresholds.
  • 11 countries reported laboratory data since the start of 2021.

IV. Findings and Recommendations

• MenAfriVac: Over 325 million people vaccinated, eliminated meningitis A epidemics. However, only 12 out of 26 meningitis belt countries use it in routine immunization. Children aged 9-18 months remain vulnerable.
• Vaccine Development: A future vaccine covering NmC, X, W is being developed.
• Recommendations: Vaccinate all eligible individuals according to schedules.
• Laboratory Capacity: Need for sample transportation improvement, national data sharing with WHO AFRO/ISTWA and Collaborating Centers, increased lab participation (currently low among 12 countries), national-level training for laboratory technicians, routine Spn serotyping.
• Outbreak Response: Timely submission of ICG requests for confirmed outbreaks to access vaccines.