《2021年全球建筑建造业现状报告》-105页_29mb

2021 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction Summary

Core Content

The 2021 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction highlights the critical role of the buildings and construction sector in global climate change and outlines the progress and challenges in achieving a zero-emission, efficient, and resilient built environment.

Main Points

• Sector Impact: The buildings and construction sector is responsible for 36% of global final energy consumption and 37% of energy-related CO₂ emissions in 2020.
• Decarbonization Progress: While there was a 10% reduction in CO₂ emissions from building operations in 2020, this is attributed to the impact of the pandemic, and the sector is not on track to meet the 2050 decarbonization goals.
• Investment Trends: Global investment in building energy efficiency rose by 11% in 2020, reaching US$184 billion, with European countries contributing the majority of this increase.
• NDCs and Building Codes: 136 countries mentioned building-related emissions reductions in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020, up from 90 in 2015. 80 countries now have building energy codes, an increase from 62 in 2015.
• Regional Disparities: Many African countries still lack mandatory building codes, and NDCs often lack ambitious decarbonization targets.
• Climate Tracker: The Global Buildings Climate Tracker is a tool used to monitor progress towards the 2050 goals, but the 2021 results show that the sector is not on track to meet these targets.
• Pandemic Effects: The pandemic significantly reduced construction activities, leading to a 4% drop in global growth rate in 2020. This included reduced demand for new buildings, slowed public and private procurements, and supply chain disruptions.
• Energy Demand Shift: Energy use shifted from commercial and retail sectors to residential due to remote working and reduced occupancy of public and commercial buildings.
• Future Challenges: 82% of the population to be added by 2030 lives in countries without building energy codes or only with voluntary ones, highlighting the need for more comprehensive policies.
• Cooling Demand: Space cooling is expected to double in energy consumption by 2040, emphasizing the need for sustainable cooling solutions such as cool roofs and urban ventilation corridors.
• Circular Economy and Local Materials: The report advocates for using local, bio-based, and recycled materials to create jobs and move towards circularity.
• Collaboration and Policy: The Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction (GlobalABC) plays a key role in collaboration and policy development, promoting whole-life carbon and net-zero emission strategies.

Key Information

Emissions and Energy Use

• CO₂ Emissions: In 2020, the sector emitted ~11.7 gigatons of CO₂, down from ~13.1 gigatons in 2015.
• Energy Consumption: The sector consumed ~149 EJ of energy in 2020, or 36% of global demand, a slight decrease from 38% in 2015.
• Construction-Related Emissions: These fell from 3.6 gigatons in 2019 to 3.2 gigatons in 2020, primarily due to reduced material production.

Investment and Policy

• Investment Growth: Building energy efficiency investment increased by 40% since 2015, reaching ~US$184 billion in 2020.
• NDCs: 136 countries have included building-related emissions in their NDCs, with 62 countries having adopted building codes by 2015.
• Codes Adoption: 80 countries now have building energy codes, but many African countries still lack them.

Sustainable Cooling

• Cooling Demand: Expected to double by 2040, requiring sustainable cooling strategies.
• Approach: The report recommends an Avoid-Improve-Shift-Protection framework to address cooling demand.

Regional Focus

• EU Approach: The EU is focusing on whole-life carbon and sustainable finance, with Denmark and France setting specific limits for embodied and operational carbon.
• Recovery Plans: Many countries, including Canada, the EU, and the US, have integrated buildings and construction into their pandemic recovery plans.

Future Outlook

• Net-Zero Commitments: The report emphasizes the need for more ambitious net-zero targets and transformative approaches.
• GlobalABC Role: The Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction is central to policy development, data mapping, and international collaboration.
• Data Gaps: There is a lack of comprehensive data on buildings, which hinders effective policy-making and progress tracking.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of accelerating decarbonization, improving energy efficiency, and adopting sustainable cooling solutions. It calls for global collaboration, stronger policies, and investment in green technologies to ensure the buildings and construction sector becomes zero-emission, efficient, and resilient by 2050.