2012年-世界发展银行全球_Health_Equity_and_Financial_Protection_Datasheets___Middle_East_and_North_Africa_22页_6mb

Health Equity and Financial Protection Summary

Core Content

This document provides a detailed overview of health equity and financial protection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, focusing on Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco. It includes data on inequalities in health outcomes, risky health behaviors, health care utilization, and the progressivity of health financing. The analysis is based on data from various household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and Living Standards and Measurement Surveys (LSMS). The data are analyzed using the ADePT software's health modules.

Main Topics Covered

• Inequalities in health outcomes: Includes infant and under-five mortality rates, stunting, underweight, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and fever.
• Inequalities in risky behavior: Includes smoking, insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, and physical inactivity.
• Health care utilization: Includes full immunization, treatment of diarrhea, medical treatment of ARI, skilled antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and contraceptive prevalence.
• Benefit incidence analysis and financial protection are also analyzed.

Key Information and Findings

Egypt

Inequalities in Health Outcomes

• Infant mortality rate: Decreased over time, with the poorest quintile (Q1) having the highest rate in all years.
• Under-five mortality rate: Also decreased, with a significant concentration index (CI) indicating higher mortality among the poor.
• Stunting: Reduced significantly from 1995 to 2008, with the poorest quintile having the highest prevalence.
• Underweight: Showed a decreasing trend, with a significant CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Diarrhea: Slight decrease over time, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Acute respiratory infection: Slightly decreased, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Fever: Slight increase in some years, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.

Inequalities in Risky Behavior

• Smoking (women): Very low prevalence, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Inequalities in Health Care Utilization

• Full immunization: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Treatment of diarrhea: Decreased slightly, with a negative CI indicating higher utilization among the poor.
• Medical treatment of ARI: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits): Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled birth attendance: Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Contraceptive prevalence: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Jordan

Inequalities in Health Outcomes

• Infant mortality rate: Declined from 1990 to 2007, with a negative CI indicating higher mortality among the poor.
• Under-five mortality rate: Declined, with a negative CI indicating higher mortality among the poor.
• Stunting: Decreased significantly, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Underweight: Declined, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Diarrhea: Slight decline, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Acute respiratory infection: Slight decline, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Fever: Slight increase, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.

Inequalities in Risky Behavior

• Smoking (women): Low prevalence, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Inequalities in Health Care Utilization

• Full immunization: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Treatment of diarrhea: Declined slightly, with a negative CI indicating higher utilization among the poor.
• Medical treatment of ARI: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits): Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled birth attendance: Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Contraceptive prevalence: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Morocco

Inequalities in Health Outcomes

• Infant mortality rate: Declined significantly from 1992 to 2003-04, with a negative CI indicating higher mortality among the poor.
• Under-five mortality rate: Declined, with a negative CI indicating higher mortality among the poor.
• Stunting: Decreased significantly, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Underweight: Declined significantly, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Diarrhea: Slight decrease, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Acute respiratory infection: Slight decrease, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Fever: Slight increase, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.

Inequalities in Risky Behavior

• Smoking (all): Slight increase, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Smoking (women): Very low prevalence, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.
• Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables: Slightly decreased, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Insufficient physical activity: Slightly decreased, with a negative CI indicating higher prevalence among the poor.
• Drinking: Very low prevalence, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Inequalities in Health Care Utilization

• Full immunization: Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Treatment of diarrhea: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Medical treatment of ARI: Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits): Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Skilled birth attendance: Increased significantly, with a positive CI indicating higher utilization among the richer quintiles.
• Contraceptive prevalence: Increased over time, with a positive CI indicating higher prevalence among the richer quintiles.

Notes

• Concentration Index (CI): Ranges from -1 to 1. A negative CI indicates that the health outcome is more prevalent among the poor.
• Significance Levels:
  • *: Significant at 10%
  • **: Significant at 5%
  • ***: Significant at 1%
• Quintile Ranking: Based on household consumption for most analyses, except for WHS, DHS, and MICS where it is based on an asset index.
• Data Sources:
  • Egypt: DHS (1995, 2000, 2005, 2008)
  • Jordan: DHS (1990, 1997, 2002, 2007)
  • Morocco: DHS (1992, 2003-04)

Citation

Recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health Equity and Financial Protection Datasheet - Egypt. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

For more information and the latest versions of the Health Equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.