2017年-世界发展银行全球_Gender_Based_Violence_in_Georgia___Links_among_Conflict_Economic_Opportunities_and_Services_170页_13mb

Summary of Gender-Based Violence in Georgia: Links Among Conflict, Economic Opportunities and Services

Core Content

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of gender-based violence (GBV) in Georgia, focusing on the links between conflict, economic stressors, and access to services. It is part of the World Bank's global initiative on conflict and GBV, funded by the State-and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF), and aims to strengthen understanding of GBV and its prevention and response in the context of conflict and displacement.

Main Findings

• Prevalence of GBV: Over a quarter of all survey respondents have experienced some form of GBV. Women are more likely to experience GBV than men, with 27% reporting at least one form of emotional abuse, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, or physical abuse.
• Sexual Abuse and Physical Violence: 16.3% of women reported being survivors of sexual abuse (including harassment and violence), and 8% reported physical violence.
• Sub-groups at Higher Risk: Vulnerability profiles indicate that certain groups, such as young women, less educated women, urban women, and those with less adequate housing, are more susceptible to GBV.
• Impact of Conflict: Conflict-affected individuals, particularly internally displaced persons (IDPs) and administrative line persons (ALPs), report increased GBV risks due to economic stress and insecurity. Former combatants and those with military experience are more likely to experience sexual violence and harassment.
• Economic Factors: Economic stress and lack of financial independence increase GBV risks. Women are more likely to have no personal income and rely on partners or families, which can discourage them from reporting abuse.
• Service Access and Awareness: Women have limited awareness of GBV services, such as domestic shelters, and often lack confidence in the legal system and police. Only 4% of respondents are aware of domestic shelters, and many believe GBV is a private matter.
• Gender Norms: Traditional gender roles persist, with men seen as the primary breadwinners and women as caregivers. However, younger Georgians, especially women, are more likely to hold egalitarian views, suggesting a potential shift in societal attitudes.

Key Policy Implications and Recommendations

Institutional and Legal Framework

• Georgia has a strong legal and political framework for combating GBV, including the Gender Equality Law (2010) and the National Action Plans (2011, 2014, 2016).
• Georgia is a signatory to international conventions such as CEDAW and UN Security Council Resolution 1325.
• Despite these legal foundations, implementation remains a challenge, and more capacity building and funding are needed.

Stakeholder Mapping

• A variety of stakeholders, including government agencies, NGOs, and international organizations, are involved in GBV response in Georgia.
• The report emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and coordination to improve GBV prevention and response.

Recommendations

• Strengthen Implementation: Improve the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks and services to better protect GBV survivors.
• Increase Awareness: Enhance public awareness of GBV services and legal protections, particularly among vulnerable groups.
• Support Economic Independence: Provide women with job training and economic opportunities to reduce their reliance on partners and increase their ability to report abuse.
• Promote Gender Equality: Encourage shifts in gender norms, especially among older generations, to reduce GBV risks.
• Improve Access to Services: Ensure that GBV survivors, especially in conflict-affected areas, have access to safe and effective services, including shelters and legal aid.

Methodology

The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining:

• Quantitative Survey: A nationally representative survey that included a GBV module.
• Qualitative Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and stakeholder analysis.
• Analysis of Economic and Social Factors: The study examined how economic stress, employment status, and gender norms influence GBV experiences.

Contextual Background

• Georgia has a history of conflict, particularly in the 1990s and 2008, leading to significant internal displacement.
• There are approximately 190,000 to 275,000 IDPs, representing around 6% of the population, one of the highest relative proportions in the world.
• The study compared the experiences of IDPs, ALPs, and nonconflict-affected persons (NAPs), analyzing the four forms of violence (FFV): controlling behavior/emotional abuse, sexual harassment, sexual violence, and physical violence.

Conclusion

The report highlights the complex relationship between conflict, economic stress, and GBV in Georgia. It underscores the need for improved implementation of existing policies, increased awareness of GBV services, and support for women's economic independence. The findings suggest that while legal frameworks are in place, they are not always effective in practice, and that shifting gender norms could play a crucial role in reducing GBV.