2017年-世界发展银行全球_Opportunities_for_Improving_Urban_Service_Delivery_in_South_Sudan_-_A_Tale_of_Two_Cities___Part_1_Service_Delivery_Status_Report_40页_959kb

Summary of "Opportunities for Improving Urban Service Delivery in South Sudan: A Tale of Two Cities"

Core Content

This report, part of a three-part study, examines the current status of urban service delivery in South Sudan and identifies opportunities for improvement. It highlights the challenges and potential solutions in the context of state fragility, limited institutional capacity, and the impact of conflict.

Main Service Delivery Sectors

The study focuses on four main service delivery sectors:

1. Social Services – Education and Health Care
2. Utilities – Water and Electricity
3. Core Urban Services – Waste Disposal, Transport, and Other
4. Security and Justice

These sectors are evaluated based on six criteria:

• Effectiveness: Whether the service delivery model is fulfilling its intended function.
• Contribution to Social Cohesion: Models that are inclusive, strengthen social capital, and promote social mobility.
• Sustainability: Ensuring that services are delivered in a way that builds accountability and government responsibility.
• Scalability: The ability of a model to absorb additional funding and increase its outputs.
• Diversified Models of Delivery: The variety of service delivery models at the grassroots level.
• Integration with Local Government: Compliance with the Local Government Act, particularly involving urban councils in primary service delivery.

Key Findings

Social Services

• Education and Health Care: Both have benefited from evolving government structures and extensive external assistance. However, the role of urban councils remains unclear and unsupported.
• County-level institutions are integrated into service delivery frameworks, but urban councils are not effectively involved in primary service delivery.
• Primary education and basic health care are identified as key areas for further study due to their potential for user-level analysis and identifying successful models.

Utilities

• Water and Electricity: National utilities provide limited coverage and struggle with cost recovery. Small-scale utilities, such as those established by GIZ or cooperatives, are better equipped to operate under current conditions.
• Water delivery models include national utilities (SSUWC), local boreholes, and hand pumps. Electricity is primarily privately generated through generators and solar panels.

Core Urban Services

• Urban councils manage core urban services such as waste management, road maintenance, and public transport regulation.
• These services are delivered in an ad hoc manner and attract low levels of external support.
• The lack of clear governance structures and funding mechanisms contributes to the inefficiency of these services.

Security and Justice

• The civil war between 2013 and 2015 significantly affected security and justice service delivery.
• These sectors are considered highly sensitive and controversial, especially in the context of the Transitional Government of National Unity.
• They are not prioritized in the current study due to their complexity and political sensitivity.

Recommended Sectors for Further Study

The following sectors are recommended for deeper investigation:

• Primary Education: To explore user perceptions of government-run, private, community-run, and faith-based models.
• Basic Health Care: To compare access and quality of service between government-financed facilities and alternative providers.
• Electricity: To analyze the pros and cons of national utility and cooperative models.
• Water: To evaluate the effectiveness of national and local utilities, cooperatives, and private providers.

Recommended Urban Locations

The subsequent phases of the study will focus on the following three locations:

• Juba: A large urban center with 24,971 households. It has a variety of service providers and is the capital of South Sudan. Water is supplied by SSUWC and local sources; electricity is privately generated.
• Wau: A medium-sized urban center with 20,611 households. It is one of South Sudan's historical urban centers. Services are delivered through a mix of national and local models.
• Yei: A small-sized urban center with 1,602 households. It is rural in character and provides a contrast to Wau due to its geographical location and service delivery context.

Methodology

The study is based on a one-month desk review and key informant interviews conducted in Juba in March and April 2016. The methodology includes reviewing literature, government development plans, donor-funded assessments, and indicator databases. A total of 19 interviews were conducted with key informants.

Conclusion

The report outlines the current challenges in urban service delivery in South Sudan, emphasizing the need for better integration of local governments, diversified delivery models, and sustainable funding mechanisms. It recommends focusing on primary education, basic health care, electricity, and water sectors in selected urban locations for further in-depth analysis.