2022-11-18-世界卫生组织-Vaccination_requirements_and_recommendations_for_international_travellers_and_malaria_situation_per_country_–_2022_edition_46页_433kb

Summary of International Travel and Health (WHO 2022-2023)

This document provides WHO-recommended protocols for international travelers to protect against yellow fever, poliomyelitis, and malaria. It includes vaccination requirements from country parties, rationale, and prophylactic advice.

Introduction

• The Country List is compiled by the WHO after consultations with IHR State Parties. Information is subject to change, and travelers should verify requirements with embassies.
• Covers vaccination for yellow fever, poliomyelitis, and malaria prophylaxis, with updates; routine vaccines are detailed in ITH Chapter 6.

Yellow Fever

• Rationale: Vaccination required to prevent disease spread and protect individual immunity, especially in areas with virus transmission risk.
• WHO recommendations: Vaccination is advised for travelers ≥9 months old in high-risk zones (based on risk mapping), and not recommended generally elsewhere, with exemptions based on individual risk and country entry rules.
• Requirements vary by country; proof of vaccination may be needed at entry/exit for some, but is not universally mandated. IHR recognizes only yellow fever for entry conditions, with a lifetime-validated certificate since 2016.
• Notes: GRYF was not assembled since 2019 due to COVID-19; data for risk mapping comes from EYE strategy updates.

Poliomyelitis

• Until global eradication, prevention focuses on completing polio vaccinations; travelers from polio-endemic areas must ensure full vaccination to avoid importing virus.
• Temporary IHR recommendations apply during PHEICs (e.g., poliovirus spread). Some countries require polio vaccination documentation or booster shots for Hajj pilgrims and other travelers, with requirements varying.

Malaria

• WHO advises prophylaxis based on transmission risk (types A, B, C) considering parasite species, drug resistance, side effects, and exposure.
• Prevention involves mosquito bite avoidance plus chemopropylaxis or standby treatment, tailored to regional data. For most countries listed, certain areas have specific warnings, and becoming malaria-free is noted for some (e.g., Australia and China).

Country-Specific Details

• The document details vaccination and prophylaxis needs for over 200 sovereign states, territories, and areas, with data updated as of November 2022. Information is provided to aid health professionals, varying by infection risk, such as malaria prevalence in specific altitude or seasonal conditions.

The guidelines emphasize regular updates and consultation resources for accurate, personalized advice.