2023-10-26-世界银行-柬埔寨国家气候与发展报告（英）_100页_8mb

Cambodia Country Climate and Development Report: Summary

1. Introduction

• Cambodia aims for upper-middle-income status by 2030 and high-income status by 2050, but climate change poses significant risks.
• Climate change could reduce GDP by 3–9% by 2050, increase poverty rates by up to 6 percentage points, and strain critical sectors like agriculture, water, and health.

2. Key Findings

• Physical Risks: Cambodia is highly exposed to floods, droughts, and heat, with disproportionate impacts on poor households and women.
• Economic Impacts: Climate change affects crop yields, labor productivity, tourism, and infrastructure, with cascading effects on poverty and human capital.
• Emissions: Cambodia has the fastest-growing GHG emissions in Southeast Asia, driven by coal, transportation, and deforestation.

3. The Three Rs for Climate-Compatible Development

• Reduce: Lower exposure to climate impacts by adapting agriculture, improving water management, building resilient infrastructure, and enhancing DRM.
• Realign: Shift to low-carbon policies by aligning electricity, transport, and industrial sectors with climate goals, scaling renewable energy, and phasing out inefficient practices.
• Reorient: Seize global net-zero opportunities by diversifying exports, promoting green industries, and attracting investments in climate technologies.

4. Policy Recommendations

• Short-Term: Strengthen protected areas, modernize irrigation, enforce building codes, expand social protection, and set clear emissions targets.
• Medium-Term: Phase out fossil fuel subsidies, implement carbon pricing, and develop green finance frameworks.
• Long-Term: Integrate climate goals into national development plans, enhance public financial management for climate risks, and foster green innovation.

5. Financing and Implementation

• Achieving climate goals requires US$36 billion (NPV) in incremental investments from 2023–2050, blended public and private finance.
• Institutional reforms are needed to mainstream climate adaptation into development policies and improve monitoring and accountability.

Key Actions for 2023–2024:

1. Finalize the Environment and Natural Resource Code.
2. Accelerate renewable energy deployment.
3. Strengthen flood risk management and early warning systems.
4. Expand adaptive social protection programs.

Conclusion:
Cambodia has a window of opportunity to build climate resilience and drive low-carbon growth, ensuring inclusive development while addressing physical climate risks.