2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Regional_Profile_2016___Landlocked_Economies_130页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2016: Landlocked Economies

Core Content

The Doing Business 2016 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses across 189 economies, focusing on 11 key areas such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, and resolving insolvency. This regional profile specifically examines Landlocked Economies, providing insights into their performance relative to global best practices and comparator regions.

The report presents two main metrics: the Ease of Doing Business Ranking and the Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score. The ranking compares economies based on their overall regulatory environment, while the DTF score measures how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices in each area, on a scale from 0 (worst performance) to 100 (frontier).

The DTF Score is calculated as the simple average of component indicators, and it is used to assess how much an economy has improved or deteriorated over time. The Ease of Doing Business Ranking is based on the DTF scores, sorted from highest to lowest.

Key Indicators and Performance

1. Starting a Business

• Global Best Performance: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.96)
• Regional Best Performance: Macedonia, FYR (Rank 2, DTF Score 95.00)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 80.48, Rank 96
• Lowest Regional Performance: Central African Republic (Rank 189, DTF Score 31.36)
• Key Metrics:
  • Procedures: 6.6 on average (ranging from 1.0 to 15.0)
  • Time: 20.1 days on average (ranging from 0.5 to 90.0 days)
  • Cost: 38.7% of income per capita on average (ranging from 0.0 to 330.1%)
  • Paid-in Minimum Capital: 33.0% of income per capita on average (ranging from 0.0 to 540.1%)

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Global Best Performance: Singapore (Rank 1, DTF Score 92.97)
• Regional Best Performance: Macedonia, FYR (Rank 10, DTF Score 83.14)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 64.26, Rank 104
• Key Metrics:
  • Procedures: 15.3 on average (ranging from 7.0 to 27.0)
  • Time: 170.6 days on average (ranging from 26.0 to 448.0 days)
  • Cost: 6.5% of warehouse value on average (ranging from 0.0 to 76.6%)
  • Building Quality Control Index: 9.6 on average (ranging from 1.5 to 14.0)

3. Getting Electricity

• Global Best Performance: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.88)
• Regional Best Performance: Switzerland (Rank 5, DTF Score 94.42)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 58.22, Rank 116
• Key Metrics:
  • Procedures: 5.5 on average (ranging from 3.0 to 9.0)
  • Time: 107.3 days on average (ranging from 18.0 to 427.0 days)
  • Cost: 2,491.9% of income per capita on average (ranging from 0.0 to 16,315.4%)
  • Reliability of Supply and Transparency of Tariff Index: 2.9 on average (ranging from 0.0 to 8.0)

4. Registering Property

• Global Best Performance: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 94.46)
• Regional Best Performance: Slovakia (Rank 5, DTF Score 90.99)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 65.90, Rank 81
• Key Metrics:
  • Procedures: 5.3 on average (ranging from 2.0 to 10.0)
  • Time: 39.3 days on average (ranging from 1.0 to 250.0 days)
  • Cost: 4.7% of property value on average (ranging from 0.0 to 16.0%)
  • Quality of Land Administration Index: 14.5 on average (ranging from 3.0 to 26.5)

5. Getting Credit

• Global Best Performance: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 100.00)
• Regional Best Performance: Rwanda (Rank 2, DTF Score 95.00)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 47.26, Rank 89
• Key Metrics:
  • Strength of Legal Rights Index: 5.0 on average (ranging from 0.0 to 12.0)
  • Depth of Credit Information Index: 4.4 on average (ranging from 0.0 to 8.0)
  • Credit Bureau Coverage: 24.7% of adults on average (ranging from 0.1 to 100.0%)
  • Credit Registry Coverage: 8.8% of adults on average (ranging from 0.1 to 95.2%)

6. Protecting Minority Investors

• Global Best Performance: 3 Economies (Rank 1, DTF Score 83.33)
• Regional Best Performance: Mongolia (Rank 8, DTF Score 73.33)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 50.12, Rank 98
• Key Metrics:
  • Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 5.0 on average (ranging from 1.0 to 7.3)
  • Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 5.1 on average (ranging from 1.7 to 7.7)
  • Extent of Shareholder Governance Index: 4.9 on average (ranging from 0.3 to 7.7)

7. Paying Taxes

• Global Best Performance: United Arab Emirates (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.44)
• Regional Best Performance: Macedonia, FYR (Rank 7, DTF Score 94.17)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 69.58, Rank 95
• Key Metrics:
  • Number of Payments per Year: 27.9 on average (ranging from 5.0 to 56.0)
  • Time per Year (hours): 250.9 on average (ranging from 1.0 to 1,025.0)
  • Total Tax Rate (% of Profit): 37.6% on average (ranging from 8.3 to 83.7%)

8. Trading Across Borders

• Global Best Performance: 16 Economies (Rank 1, DTF Score 100.00)
• Regional Best Performance: 5 Economies (Rank 1, DTF Score 100.00)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 71.61, Rank 85
• Key Metrics:
  • Time to Export (Border Compliance): 54 hours on average (ranging from 0 to 216)
  • Cost to Export (Border Compliance): $214 on average (ranging from $0 to $815)
  • Time to Import (Border Compliance): 67 hours on average (ranging from 0 to 480)
  • Cost to Import (Border Compliance): $267 on average (ranging from $0 to $850)

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Global Best Performance: Singapore (Rank 1, DTF Score 84.91)
• Regional Best Performance: Austria (Rank 6, DTF Score 78.24)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 56.91, Rank 92
• Key Metrics:
  • Time (days): 533.2 on average (ranging from 150.0 to 1,642.0)
  • Cost (% of Claim): 35.5% on average (ranging from 9.0 to 83.1%)
  • Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 7.9 on average (ranging from 4.0 to 15.5)

10. Resolving Insolvency

• Global Best Performance: Finland (Rank 1, DTF Score 93.81)
• Regional Best Performance: Austria (Rank 18, DTF Score 78.89)
• Regional Average: DTF Score 39.94, Rank 103
• Key Metrics:
  • Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 30.7 on average (ranging from 0.0 to 82.7)
  • Time (years): 2.6 on average (ranging from 0.4 to 5.0)
  • Cost (% of Estate): 18.8% on average (ranging from 1.0 to 76.0%)

Main Views

• The report highlights the importance of transparent, efficient, and accessible regulatory processes in improving the business environment.
• Landlocked Economies generally perform worse than global best practices, but there are notable improvements in some areas.
• The DTF Score is more useful for assessing absolute progress, while the Ease of Doing Business Ranking reflects relative performance across economies.
• The methodology is based on standard assumptions about business procedures, which allows for cross-country comparisons.
• Regional averages and comparator regions provide a benchmark for understanding where Landlocked Economies stand in relation to others.

Key Information

• The report includes data up to June 1, 2015, except for paying taxes indicators which cover January–December 2014.
• The methodology was updated for several indicators, including:
  • Starting a business: Added the DTF score.
  • Dealing with construction permits: Added an index of building regulation quality.
  • Getting electricity: Added reliability of supply and tariff transparency.
  • Registering property: Added land administration quality index.
  • Protecting minority investors: Expanded to include more aspects of governance.
• Labor market regulation is not included in the aggregate ranking or DTF score.
• The report encourages policy reforms to improve regulatory quality and efficiency, based on the relationship between indicators and economic outcomes.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2016 report provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory environment for small to medium businesses in Landlocked Economies. It underscores the need for reforms in areas such as starting a business, getting credit, and resolving insolvency to improve the ease of doing business. The DTF score and ranking serve as useful tools for policymakers to identify gaps and track progress over time.