2016年-世界发展银行全球_Greenhouse_Gas_Data_Management___Building_Systems_for_CorporateFacility-Level_Reporting_115页_4mb

Greenhouse Gas Data Management: Building Systems for Corporate/Facility-Level Reporting

Core Content

This report provides guidance on the design, development, and implementation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) data management systems for corporate and facility-level reporting. It highlights the importance of these systems in supporting climate policy, improving data accuracy, and enabling informed decision-making. The report is based on the experiences of over 10 jurisdictions and outlines a structured approach to system development.

Main Views

GHG data management systems are essential for collecting, storing, and analyzing emissions data from companies and facilities. These systems support multiple stakeholders, including regulators, companies, and the public, by:

• Enabling data entry for regulated entities.
• Facilitating data review, consolidation, and analysis for regulators.
• Improving data accuracy, completeness, and consistency.
• Providing centralized data collection and tracking of progress against GHG targets.

These systems are critical in supporting national GHG inventories, climate policies, and market mechanisms such as emissions trading systems. They also help in the integration of data from other systems, such as air pollutant databases and energy management systems, to enhance efficiency and reduce duplication.

Key Information

Legal, Regulatory, and Institutional Frameworks

• The legal and regulatory context influences the design of GHG data management systems.
• Stakeholder consultation and defining institutional roles (statutory regulator, program administrator, IT developer, system administrator) is crucial for successful implementation.
• Legal frameworks determine data confidentiality, security, and the scope of data collection and reporting.

System Development Process

1. Preliminary Considerations: Includes software development methodology, best practices, costs, and stakeholder engagement.
2. Gathering and Analyzing System Requirements: Involves understanding goals, data types, user types, and functional components.
3. Decision to Develop In-House or Outsource: Three options are discussed: developing a new system in-house, re-purposing an existing system, and customizing a third-party system.
4. Developing Technical Requirements: Covers performance, data storage, system architecture, hardware, software, and security.
5. Developing the Software: Includes environment setup, database architecture, coding, and front-end development.
6. Integrating the System: Ensures compatibility with existing data systems and workflows.
7. Testing: Involves continual integration testing, alpha, beta, and pilot testing.
8. Deploying and Launching the System: Includes hosting and user access considerations.

Supporting Users and Building Capacity

• User support is provided through help desks, telephone/email, and websites.
• Training and capacity building are essential to ensure effective use of the system by all stakeholders.

Integration with Other Systems

• Integration with non-GHG pollutant systems, energy databases, and other GHG reporting systems can improve efficiency.
• Mapping between air quality data and GHG reporting frameworks is important for accurate data processing and algorithm development.

Case Studies

• Mexico: Developed an integrated system to collect both GHG and non-GHG data, addressing concerns about double counting and reporting burden. The system includes data on black carbon and other pollutants.
• South Africa: Built a system in three phases to support national inventory and mitigation actions. It focused on defining a data transformation framework to link activity data with emissions calculations.

Policy Interactions

• Economic and Market-Based Instruments: Influence data upload, calculation, and verification. These systems help in setting caps, establishing liabilities, and linking with other systems.
• Policy-Based Approaches: Include carbon taxes, energy efficiency initiatives, and national/ regional analyses. These require integration with other databases and data analytics functionalities.
• National Commitments: Support the development of high-quality national GHG inventories and the tracking of mitigation effectiveness. This involves integration, calculation methodologies, and verification standards.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for a flexible and modular approach to GHG data management system development, considering future regulatory changes, integration opportunities, and stakeholder needs. It also outlines funding options and the importance of aligning with legal and regulatory frameworks to ensure the system's effectiveness and sustainability.