储能电站分析-英-26页_1mb

This report provides a technical and commercial analysis of various stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) suitable for intraday shifting, focusing on applications with intermittent renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydro in New Zealand. The primary aim is to compare battery chemistries such as lithium-ion, redox flow, molten salt, and nickel-hydrogen to identify optimal solutions for short-duration storage.

Key findings indicate that nickel-hydrogen (NiH2) batteries stand out for storage periods of 12 hours or less. NiH2 offers a long usable lifetime of 30 years and 30,000 charge-discharge cycles, providing superior lifetime energy output compared to most competitors, including two lithium-ion options, despite being competitive on an annual energy output basis. It supports up to three cycles per day and discharge durations of 2-12 hours, which is an advantage over competitors limited to one or two daily cycles. From a cost perspective, NiH2 demonstrates the best value for short-term storage through a lower levelised cost of storage (LCOS), and it has lower environmental impacts, including global warming potential and energy demand during production. Safety-wise, NiH2 meets critical standards, including the UL 9540A test for thermal runaway, and is backed by strong partnerships for large-scale deployment.

Lithium-ion technology, despite its market dominance, shows limitations in areas like lifetime degradation, safety risks, and higher LCOS for longer durations. Other technologies like calcium-antimony and iron flow batteries show promise but are outperformed by NiH2 across multiple metrics. The recommendations emphasize adopting NiH2 for intraday shifting applications to enhance renewable energy reliability, reduce fossil fuel dependence, and support grid stability.