2022-04-24-安永-Why_biodiversity_may_be_more_important_to_your_business_than_you_realize_21页_1mb

报告摘要

The paper argues for a new, integrating global goal: A Nature-Positive Global Goal for Nature.
This goal is presented as necessary alongside the SDGs (equity) and climate goals (carbon neutrality) to address the interconnected crises of biodiversity loss, climate change, and human development inequity.
A hierarchical perspective frames nature as the foundation, not just a competing interest.

Current global agreements lack a succinct, overarching goal for nature comparable to the Paris Agreement's climate goal.
The concept of "Nature-Positive" aims to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030, measured from a 2020 baseline.
A clear global goal would encourage synergies between different global agendas.

Zero Net Loss of Nature: Prevent significant ongoing loss/degradation from 2020 (acknowledges some unavoidable loss due to human demands).
Net Positive by 2030: Achieve a measurable improvement in nature's abundance, diversity, and resilience, reversing the trend of biodiversity loss.
- Requires immediate restoration and protection efforts.
- Connects to goals like protecting threatened species, conserving 30% of land/sea, and restoring 350 million hectares.
- Relies on the "mitigation hierarchy": Avoid damage, limit degradation, compensate through restoration.
Full Recovery by 2050: Restore ecosystems sufficiently to support Earth's stability and resilience, enabling the long-term goals of the CBD, UNFCCC, and SDGs.
- Requires continued restoration and protection.
Baseline: 2020 provides a reference point for zero net loss and aims to protect remaining intact ecosystems.

Nature provides essential climate regulation services (carbon sequestration, moisture regulation).
Preserving and restoring natural ecosystems (forests, wetlands, oceans) is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality.
Nature-positive actions can contribute significantly to near-term carbon emission reductions ("natural climate solutions").
Failure to protect nature undermines climate goals by diminishing its carbon storage and regulation capacity.

Nature is identified as the foundation for human well-being and the basis for a functioning economy ("natural capital").
The goals should be framed as integrated and mutually reinforcing, with nature being the foundation supporting society and its economic activities.
Protecting critical ecosystems (full Earth-system perspective) is essential for achieving the SDGs, especially those related to food, water, climate, and health.

Measures not just the persistence of species and ecosystems but their abundance, diversity, functional traits, genetic diversity, and demographic trends, alongside the integrity of ecosystems and Earth system processes.
Includes defining specific actions (retention, restoration, etc.) across different landscape/seascape conditions.
Requires spatial planning and integrating these actions into national and international plans (CBD, Paris Agreement).
Needs political will, clear ambition levels, and an enabling policy environment (subsidies directed towards positive actions).
Business engagement is crucial for implementing the goal throughout supply chains.

Urgent crises threaten nature and the climate, posing catastrophic risks to humanity.
Earth System stability requires safeguarding resilience; crossing tipping points could have irreversible consequences.
Action is necessary to meet the CBD's 2050 vision (Living in Harmony with Nature).
Failure to adopt a Nature-Positive Global Goal risks failing on climate and human development goals.
The goal is necessary for planetary health, economic well-being (nature's contributions to people), human health, and pandemic prevention.

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