> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Summary of *State of Energy Policy 2026* ## Core Content The *State of Energy Policy 2026* report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides a comprehensive overview of global energy policy developments in 2025. It highlights the evolving landscape of energy policy, including responses to recent energy crises, the impact of geopolitical tensions, and the progress in energy access and sustainability. ## Main Themes and Key Points ### 1. **Energy Policy and Security** - Energy has become a central issue in national and economic security due to global supply chain disruptions, geopolitical conflicts, and trade restrictions. - **Emergency measures** have been implemented in 60 countries to manage oil and natural gas supply disruptions, with legal frameworks in place for oil reserves and natural gas storage. - **Energy security policies** have expanded, with over 30 countries introducing natural gas storage requirements since 2022. - **Fuel diversification** efforts are widespread, with 150 countries now implementing policies to diversify energy mixes and suppliers, driven by the need to reduce dependence on oil and gas imports and mitigate fossil fuel price volatility. ### 2. **Government Energy Spending** - Government energy spending has **doubled since 2019**, reaching **USD 405 billion in 2025**, or **1.4% of total government expenditure**. - Spending in some countries, such as the UK, Germany, and Japan, has reached **3% or more** of total government spending. - **Initial budgets** are expected to decline by **15-20% over the next five years**, but remain **above historical levels**. - **Post-pandemic recovery packages** played a major role in the increase in spending, including the **Inflation Reduction Act (US)**, the **Recovery and Resilience Facility (EU)**, and **Japan's Green Transformation Policy**. - **Total government spending** on energy has increased more than **ten-fold since 2021**, with public investment in **clean technology manufacturing** accounting for about **12% of total investment** in such facilities, or **USD 24 billion**. ### 3. **Energy Affordability and Competitiveness** - Governments face pressure to **manage energy prices** and **industrial competitiveness** while **balancing fiscal constraints**. - **Emergency affordability measures** were implemented in 2022, with **USD 220 billion** disbursed to households between 2022 and 2023. - **Only 25%** of short-term interventions since 2022 have targeted **vulnerable households**. - **Market-based support schemes** have gained traction, with **auctions and market-based mechanisms** expected to account for **nearly 60% of gross capacity additions** from 2025 to 2030. - **Government spending** on energy has **decoupled from private investment**, with the latter growing faster (16% annually) than public investment (8% annually). ### 4. **Energy Efficiency and Regulatory Reforms** - **Energy efficiency policies** have seen a mix of **increased stringency** and **regulatory rollbacks**. - In 2025, **30% of energy consumption under regulation** experienced some form of rollback, compared with **17%** under stricter rules. - **Mandated energy efficiency improvements** are expected to progress more slowly through to 2030 due to these rollbacks. - **Energy efficiency standards** are now in place in **over 130 countries**, covering **80% of global energy demand** for cooling and industrial motors. - **Passenger car efficiency standards** have seen a **-2.5 point decline** in stringency, primarily due to changes in the U.S. and delayed EU compliance timelines. ### 5. **Climate Pledges and Emissions Reductions** - **Climate targets** submitted in 2025 do not imply an **acceleration in emissions reductions** by 2035 compared to previous commitments. - **65 of 194 Paris Agreement parties** have not yet submitted new NDCs for 2035, and among those that have, **over 80%** have set similar or **slower emission reduction rates** than their 2030 NDCs. - If all NDCs are met, **energy-related emissions** would decline by **0.3% annually** until 2035, which is **slower than the IEA Stated Policies Scenario** projecting a **0.8% annual decline**. ### 6. **Emerging Energy Risks and Trade Measures** - **Critical mineral concentration** and **market dominance** in key energy technologies (e.g., solar panels, batteries) have emerged as **strategic vulnerabilities**. - **Trade measures** have been introduced in **45 new policies** in 2025, including tariffs and non-tariff actions, to address these risks. - **Cumulative trade measures** have increased over the years, from **400 in 2020** to **650 in 2025**. ### 7. **Energy Access and Development** - **Developing economies** are **renewing efforts** to expand energy access, especially in **sub-Saharan Africa**. - **56 new electricity access policies** and **64 new clean cooking initiatives** were introduced or announced since the **2024 IEA Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa**. - **Energy price shocks**, particularly due to the **closure of the Strait of Hormuz**, have prompted **emergency demand-restraint measures** and **domestic production incentives** in several countries. ## Key Policies and Measures - **Biofuel blending mandates** have increased in global coverage by **7 percentage points**. - **Carbon pricing instruments** in industry have expanded by **43 percentage points**. - **Critical mineral policies** have increased by **35 new policies**. - **Energy access policies** have increased by **120 new policies** since 2024. - **Trade policies** targeting energy-related equipment have increased by **45 new policies** in 2025. ## Conclusion The report underscores the **complex interplay** between energy security, affordability, and sustainability in the face of **global shocks and geopolitical tensions**. It highlights the **increased role of government spending** in energy, the **mixed regulatory environment** for energy efficiency, and the **moderate pace of climate action**. Despite these challenges, the **technological and policy foundations** are in place to enable a **more resilient and sustainable energy system** in the long term.