2022年国家可持续发展目标实施进展（英）-163页_2mb

Summary of "Progressing National SDGs Implementation: An Independent Assessment of the 2022 VNR Reports"

Core Content

This report is the seventh in a series commissioned by civil society organizations to assess the progress of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) through the analysis of Voluntary National Review (VNR) reports submitted to the United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) in 2022. It also includes an analysis of 21 civil society reports related to the VNRs. The report highlights the state of governance, policy frameworks, implementation efforts, and reporting practices across 44 countries, offering key findings, best practices, and recommendations for improving the SDG implementation process.

Main Findings

1. Governance, Institutional Mechanisms and Engagement

• Leadership and Governance Arrangements:

  • Most countries (86%) use councils, committees, or specialized offices to oversee SDG implementation.
  • Heads of state or government are the most common source of leadership (36%), followed by individual cabinet ministers (26%).
  • Some countries, like Argentina, use a National Council for Coordination of Social Policies, involving multiple ministries.
  • Governance structures are often unclear in some countries, such as Eritrea, Somalia, Grenada, and the Dutch territories of Curaçao and Sint-Maarten.
  • Civil society inclusion in formal governance mechanisms has remained relatively stable, but there was an increase in references to civil society participation in technical working groups (from 19% in 2021 to 32% in 2022).

• Stakeholder Engagement:

  • 70% of VNRs included information on multi-stakeholder engagement, with a growing trend in involving non-state actors.
  • Civil society inclusion in defining national priorities increased from 31% in 2021 to 55% in 2022.
  • However, detailed information on the nature and outcomes of these engagements is still limited.
  • Only 32% of VNRs included information on the impact of the pandemic on stakeholder engagement, down from 43% in 2021.
  • The issue of shrinking civic space, including attacks on human rights defenders, journalists, and environmentalists, was mentioned by only 12 out of 44 countries (27%), though civil society reports highlight this as a critical concern.

• Peer and Regional Engagement:

  • 55% of countries reported engaging with peers on the 2030 Agenda, consistent with previous years.
  • Regional coordination and peer learning opportunities are noted as a positive trend, with 53% of countries mentioning such activities in 2022.

• Recommendations:

  • Countries should improve transparency and detail in stakeholder engagement processes.
  • Civil society should be more systematically included in governance structures.
  • There is a need to better address shrinking civic space and its implications for SDG implementation.
  • Enhanced regional coordination and peer learning are recommended to support more effective implementation.

2. Policies for 2030 Agenda Implementation

• Baseline or Gap Analysis:

  • More countries (2022) mentioned conducting baseline or gap analyses than previous years.
  • However, detailed reporting on national priorities and integration of SDGs into national planning is still limited.

• Nationalizing the 2030 Agenda:

  • Most countries have defined national priorities and targets aligned with the SDGs.
  • There is still a lack of clarity on how the SDGs are integrated into national policies and planning.

• Integration and Policy Coherence:

  • Reporting on policy coherence for sustainable development is uneven, with limited examples of how policies align across sectors.
  • The Paris Agreement on climate change is the most frequently cited international agreement in VNRs, while the global aid/development effectiveness agenda is the least mentioned.

• Recommendations:

  • Strengthen policy coherence and alignment with SDGs.
  • Expand the use of baseline and gap analyses to guide more targeted implementation.
  • Improve the integration of the SDGs into national frameworks and planning processes.

3. Implementing the 2030 Agenda

• Leaving No One Behind (LNOB):

  • LNOB was a prominent theme in 2022 VNRs, with high-level references.
  • However, data availability, detail, and quality of information on LNOB remain problematic.
  • Challenges include addressing domestic inequality and the impact of the pandemic on vulnerable groups.

• Awareness-Raising:

  • While awareness campaigns are mentioned in VNRs, more detailed information on their effectiveness is lacking.

• Localization and Partnerships:

  • The ambition to localize SDG implementation is growing, but examples in VNRs are limited.
  • Partnerships with non-state actors (civil society, private sector, academia, youth, etc.) are increasing, but detailed information on SDG-costing and resource identification is still missing.

• Means of Implementation:

  • Budgeting and resource allocation for SDG implementation are increasingly recognized, but data on financial commitments and SDG-costing are often insufficient.
  • The war in Ukraine has had a significant impact on implementation efforts.
  • There is a need for greater investment in capacity development, technology, and systemic support for SDG implementation.

• Measurement and Reporting:

  • Data availability for SDG monitoring remains a major challenge.
  • Fewer countries reported on the use of unofficial data in their VNRs.
  • The use of the Voluntary Common Reporting Guidelines is uneven, with gaps that hinder comparability between countries.

• Recommendations:

  • Improve data availability and quality, especially for vulnerable groups.
  • Enhance the use of common reporting guidelines to ensure greater comparability.
  • Increase transparency in budgeting and resource allocation for SDG implementation.
  • Strengthen localization efforts and support for Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs).

4. Reporting According to the Voluntary Common Reporting Guidelines

• Most countries followed the Secretary-General's guidelines, but significant gaps remain.
• The use of these guidelines affects the comparability of VNRs across member states.
• Civil society reports provide a complementary and sometimes critical perspective on the effectiveness of national SDG implementation.

Key Messages

1. Whole of Society Approach:

   • Non-state actors are increasingly involved in governance mechanisms, particularly in technical working groups.

2. SDG Assessments:

   • More countries conducted baseline or gap analyses, but national priorities and integration into planning remain underreported.

3. Transformative Principles:

   • There is some progress in reporting on LNOB and human rights, but universality, planetary boundaries, and intergenerational responsibility are still underrepresented.

4. Interlinkages with International Agreements:

   • The Paris Agreement is frequently referenced, while other agreements like the global aid/development effectiveness agenda are rarely mentioned.

5. Civic Space:

   • VNRs largely ignore the issue of shrinking civic space, despite civil society reports highlighting its importance.

6. Partnerships:

   • There is a positive trend in involving non-state actors, but detailed reporting on their contributions is lacking.

7. Localization:

   • While the concept is widely discussed, practical examples of localization and VLRs are still limited.

8. Follow-Up and Review:

   • Data availability and use of unofficial data remain underreported.

9. Common Reporting Guidelines:

   • The use of guidelines is inconsistent, undermining comparability and accountability.

Recommendations

• Strengthen stakeholder engagement processes with clear indicators and outcomes.
• Improve the inclusion of civil society in governance structures and ensure democratic openness.
• Expand baseline and gap analysis to guide more targeted and effective implementation.
• Enhance data availability and quality, especially for vulnerable groups and LNOB.
• Increase transparency in budgeting and resource allocation for the SDGs.
• Improve the use of common reporting guidelines to ensure consistency and comparability.
• Promote localization and support for Voluntary Local Reviews.
• Address the issue of shrinking civic space and ensure its inclusion in national reporting.
• Encourage greater regional coordination and peer learning to support SDG implementation.