全球创新指数2024执行版（英文_36页_8mb

GII 2024 Summary

Core Content

The 17th edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024 provides an in-depth analysis of the innovative performance of 133 countries and the world’s top 100 science and technology (S&T) clusters. The report highlights the link between innovation and social entrepreneurship, emphasizing its potential to drive transformative change and societal impact.

Main Points

• GII 2024 Overview: The index tracks the innovation ecosystem performance of 133 economies and the latest global innovation trends. It is themed around "Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship."
• Top Innovation Economies:
  • High-income: Switzerland, Sweden, United States
  • Upper middle-income: China, Malaysia, Türkiye
  • Lower middle-income: India, Viet Nam, Philippines
  • Low-income: Rwanda, Togo, Uganda
• Global Innovation Tracker 2024:
  • Innovation investments saw a major downturn in 2023 after a boom in 2020-2022.
  • Scientific publications, venture capital, and international patent filings have declined to pre-pandemic levels.
  • Technological progress continues to be strong, especially in health, computing, and energy.
  • Technology adoption is growing, but some areas like safe sanitation are lagging.
  • Socioeconomic impact of innovation has turned positive again, with improvements in labor productivity and poverty reduction, though environmental indicators show a decline.

Key Information

GII 2024 Rankings

• Top 5 Economies: Switzerland (1st), Sweden (2nd), United States (3rd), Singapore (4th), United Kingdom (5th)
• Middle-income Economies with Fastest Growth:
  • China (11th)
  • Türkiye (37th)
  • India (39th)
  • Viet Nam (44th)
  • Philippines (53rd)
  • Indonesia (54th)
  • The Islamic Republic of Iran (64th)
  • Morocco (66th)
• Regional Leaders:
  • South East Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (SEAO): Singapore, Republic of Korea, China, Japan, Hong Kong, China, Australia, New Zealand
  • Northern Africa and Western Asia (NAWA): Israel, Cyprus, United Arab Emirates, Türkiye
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: Brazil, Chile, Mexico
  • Central and Southern Asia: India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
  • Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Mauritius, South Africa, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Senegal

Top S&T Clusters

• The five largest S&T clusters are all located in East Asia:
  • Tokyo-Yokohama (Japan)
  • Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou (China and Hong Kong, China)
  • Beijing (China)
  • Seoul (Republic of Korea)
  • Shanghai-Suzhou (China)
• China leads with the most S&T clusters in the top 100 (26), followed by the United States (20), Germany (8).
• Middle-income S&T clusters: São Paulo (Brazil), Cairo (Egypt), Bengaluru, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai (India), Tehran (Islamic Republic of Iran), Kuala Lumpur and Singapore (Malaysia), Istanbul and Ankara (Türkiye), Moscow (Russian Federation).
• Most S&T-intensive clusters:
  • Cambridge (UK)
  • San Jose-San Francisco, CA (US)
  • Eindhoven (Netherlands)
  • Oxford (UK)
  • Boston-Cambridge, MA (US)
  • Daejeon (Republic of Korea)
  • Munich (Germany)

Social Entrepreneurship

• Social entrepreneurship is gaining traction as a global phenomenon aimed at addressing critical social and environmental issues.
• Social enterprises contribute around USD 2 trillion to the global GDP and tackle issues like poverty, environmental sustainability, and social injustice.
• Examples include:
  • Bandhu Tech (India) – provides housing for migrant workers using AI.
  • Green Bio Energy (Uganda) – produces eco-friendly briquettes.
  • Peek Vision – offers mobile eye-health services in low-resource settings.
  • Thaki – refurbishes laptops for refugee education.
  • Community Design Agency (India) – involves low-income communities in housing projects.
• Challenges:
  • Limited legal frameworks
  • Financing challenges
  • Inadequate impact measurement
• Policy Recommendations:
  • Develop supportive legal and regulatory environments
  • Invest in education and training programs
  • Promote data collection
  • Assist social entrepreneurs in reaching underserved communities
  • Incubate social enterprise networks
  • Create incentives for private investment

Summary

The GII 2024 highlights the dynamic state of global innovation, noting both progress and challenges. While innovation investments have declined, technological progress and adoption continue to rise, with a notable focus on health and energy. Social entrepreneurship is emerging as a key driver of innovation, particularly in addressing social and environmental challenges. Middle-income economies like China, Türkiye, India, and Viet Nam are showing significant improvements in their rankings, signaling a shift in the global innovation landscape. The report underscores the importance of fostering supportive policies and environments to enhance the impact of social entrepreneurship and ensure sustainable innovation growth.