2010年-世界发展银行全球_Securing_Durable_Development_in_Afghanistan___Policy_Notes_for_the_Government_90页_1mb

Summary of the World Bank Policy Notes for the Government of Afghanistan

I. Introduction

The World Bank outlines key development priorities for Afghanistan, emphasizing the need to secure durable development through improved security, governance, and economic growth. With unprecedented international support, the Afghan government has the opportunity to align its efforts with global priorities and local needs. The government is committed to reconciliation with insurgents and has made significant progress in establishing a functional central government, public financial management systems, and leadership in key economic ministries. The Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) and the Bank's Interim Strategy Note of May 2009 provide a framework for these priorities. The report synthesizes findings from past and ongoing World Bank work in Afghanistan, as well as global experiences in conflict-affected regions.

II. Key Messages

The strategy for durable development in Afghanistan is based on three core objectives:

• Creating jobs and expanding income opportunities to secure peace.
• Strengthening the role of the state to ensure good governance.
• Laying the foundation for long-term development through macroeconomic stability and human capital investment.

A. Creating Jobs

To create jobs and expand income opportunities, the government should focus on:

• Expanding agricultural production and enhancing rural development.

  • Increase yields through irrigation rehabilitation and consistent input policies.
  • Strengthen food security by improving transport and income-generating opportunities.
  • Develop a legal and institutional framework for water use.
  • Continue capacity-building for multi-purpose projects.
  • Privatize animal-health services and introduce sanitary mandates.

• Promoting the formal private sector to drive growth and employment.

  • Implement the 2007 Roadmap for Private Sector Development.
  • Address policy inconsistencies, governance issues, and market inefficiencies.
  • Improve property rights and investor confidence through codes of conduct and grievance systems.

• Enhancing financial sector development to support private sector growth.

  • Develop a financial services strategy and strengthen bank supervision.
  • Address the low level of formal banking and loan access among enterprises.

• Improving trade and regional cooperation to stimulate economic development and reduce cross-border threats.

  • Develop a national trade policy with private sector leadership.
  • Formulate a regional cooperation strategy to prevent fragmentation.
  • Promote SAARC and other regional forums for enhanced collaboration.

• Developing extractive industries such as mining and gas to support growth and infrastructure.

  • The Aynak copper mine and Hajigak iron ore project are key examples.
  • These projects could generate significant fiscal revenues and stimulate ancillary industries.
  • Regulatory frameworks and environmental safeguards need to be strengthened.

• Relieving infrastructure bottlenecks to support economic growth and private sector development.

  • Focus on improving transport, power, and ICT infrastructure.
  • Develop a long-term national transport strategy, including a separate railway plan.
  • Expand electricity access through micro-grids and solar systems, with a focus on rural areas.
  • Address inefficiencies in the ICT sector by improving backbone infrastructure and promoting Internet services.

B. Delivering Good Governance

Good governance is essential for durable development and rebuilding public trust in the government.

• Combating corruption is a priority, as Afghanistan's ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index has declined.

  • The High Office of Oversight (HOO) has been established to coordinate anti-corruption efforts.
  • Steps to strengthen the HOO's authority, including asset declaration and asset seizure mechanisms, are recommended.
  • Review disciplinary procedures and appointment processes to reduce corruption incentives.
  • Exclude individuals associated with the narcotics trade from government roles.

• Strengthening the rule of law and access to justice is critical for good governance.

  • The government has made progress in rehabilitating the justice system with international support.
  • Efforts must continue to ensure that state, sharia, and customary laws are reconciled to create a unified legal system.

• Improving public services is necessary to enhance government legitimacy and public trust.

  • Focus on civil service reforms, public financial management, and service delivery capacities.
  • Address the lack of local talent and skills that leads to reliance on external assistance.

III. Cross-Cutting Issues

• Fiscal sustainability must be maintained to ensure long-term economic stability.
• Gender inclusion is a key factor in improving development outcomes and social returns.
• Environmental protection is crucial for sustainable development, especially in the context of extractive industries.

IV. Conclusion

The World Bank's policy notes highlight the importance of a coordinated and comprehensive approach to development in Afghanistan. By focusing on job creation, governance reform, and infrastructure development, the government can build a more secure, stable, and prosperous future for all Afghans. The report underscores the need for continued international support, alignment with Afghan priorities, and the strengthening of local institutions and capacities.