2004年-世界发展银行全球_Chile___New_Economy_Study_Volume_2_Background_Documents_162页_13mb

报告摘要

Chile New Economy Study Summary (Volume II)

Core Content

This document is part of the Chile New Economy Study, a comprehensive analysis of Chile's position in the knowledge economy and its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. It outlines the challenges and opportunities for Chile to enhance its economic growth, productivity, and competitiveness in the global knowledge-based economy.

Main Volume Overview

The study is divided into three main chapters:

Assessment of Chile's Position in the Knowledge Economy
Chile's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector
Accelerate E-Business for Small Business Innovation and Growth

The focus is on how knowledge can drive private sector productivity and the role of ICT in supporting this transition. The study does not aim to provide a comprehensive and final set of policy reforms but rather serves as a first step toward further research and policy development.

Key Sections and Information

I. Assessment of Chile's Position in the Knowledge Economy

A. Aggregate Indicators of Economic Performance

Chile experienced remarkable economic growth of 7.7% annually for a decade, followed by a slowdown to 2.5% in recent years.
GDP per capita more than doubled from 1985 to 2000, reaching US$5,300 in 2003.
Poverty rates declined significantly from 38.6% to 21.7%, and extreme poverty from 12.9% to 5.6% between 1990 and 1998.
Chile's social indicators are outstanding in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).
Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was a major contributor to GDP growth in the 1980s and 1990s but has declined in recent years, indicating a shift in growth drivers.

B. Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime

Chile's economic growth has been influenced by structural reforms and institutional changes.
Privatization and deregulation played a crucial role in boosting economic efficiency and productivity.
The study emphasizes the need for second-generation structural and institutional reforms to support innovation and human capital development.

C. Education and Training

Education is the foundation for knowledge creation, acquisition, and use.
Basic education enhances learning and information use.
Technical secondary education and higher education in engineering and science are essential for adapting to technological changes.
Continuous learning and openness to new ideas are critical for a knowledge-based economy.

D. Innovation System

An innovation system includes institutions, rules, and procedures that affect knowledge acquisition, creation, dissemination, and use.
Key organizations include universities, research centers, policy think tanks, and firms.
The effectiveness of these institutions in creating, adapting, and disseminating knowledge is vital for economic development.

II. Chile's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector

The ICT sector is the infrastructure of the knowledge economy.
ICTs have a transformative impact on economic and social activities, as well as on knowledge creation and use.
Internet services and legal infrastructure for online transactions are crucial for supporting ICT-based economic activities.
The study highlights the need to assess knowledge and skills required to design, implement, and use new ICTs.

III. Accelerate E-Business for Small Business Innovation and Growth

Micro, small, and medium businesses (MSMBs) represent the bulk of the productive sector.
E-business can enhance innovation and growth for these businesses.
The study recommends strategies to accelerate e-business development, focusing on access to technology, training, and support mechanisms.

Main Viewpoints

Economic growth in Chile has slowed, and TFP has become a less significant contributor to growth in recent years.
Structural constraints and external shocks are important factors affecting growth.
ICT is a key driver for economic efficiency and productivity.
Education and innovation are critical for long-term economic development.
Small businesses need support and training to adopt and benefit from e-business.

Key Information

TFP growth in Chile has been declining, contributing only 13.79% to GDP growth during 1998-2001.
Chile's GDP per capita is now the 36th highest among 75 countries globally.
Global competitiveness rankings show that Chile's public sector competitiveness is higher than expected based on its income level, while its private sector ranks on par with other LAC countries.
ICT is essential for the knowledge-based economy, and Internet services and legal frameworks must be competitive and supportive.
Education and training are fundamental to creating a knowledge-based society.
Structural reforms and institutional development are necessary to sustain economic growth and innovation.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of knowledge and ICT in driving economic growth and productivity. It calls for coordinated actions across the four pillars of the knowledge economy: economic incentive and institutional regime, education and training, innovation system, and information infrastructure. The report serves as a foundation for further research and policy development to support Chile's transition to a more knowledge-based and competitive economy.