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Summary of Renewable Energy Sources in Figures (2016)

Core Content

This document provides an overview of the development and utilization of renewable energy sources in Germany, the European Union, and globally in 2016. It highlights the role of renewable energy in the energy transition, its economic and environmental impacts, and the legal and policy frameworks that support its growth.

Main Points

• Renewable Energy in Germany (2016):

  • Renewables accounted for 31.7% of Germany's gross electricity consumption, slightly up from 31.5% in 2015.
  • Renewables made up 13.0% of gross final energy consumption for heating, remaining stable year-on-year.
  • Renewables contributed 5.2% to final energy consumption in transport, a slight decline from 5.3% in 2015.
  • 160 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent were avoided through the use of renewables.
  • €15.1 billion was invested in the construction of renewable energy plants, and €15.6 billion in their operation.
  • The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and other legislation such as the Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG) and the Biofuel Quota Act are central to the expansion and use of renewables in different sectors.

• Key Legislation and Policies:

  • The EEG, enacted in 2000 and revised in 2014 and 2017, has been instrumental in promoting renewable energy in the electricity sector.
  • The 2014 EEG aimed to increase the share of renewables in electricity consumption to 40–45% by 2025 and 55–60% by 2035.
  • From 2017, remuneration rates for renewables are determined via competitive auctions, with the exception of small installations (under 750 kW).
  • The EEWärmeG and the Market Incentive Programme support the heating sector, while the Biofuel Quota Act and Electric Mobility Strategy influence the transport sector.

• Sector-Specific Developments:

  • Electricity: Renewables generated 188.2 billion kWh in 2016, with onshore wind and photovoltaics being the main contributors. Onshore wind saw a net increase of 4,166 MW, but generation decreased due to low wind conditions. Offshore wind, although installed capacity increased less than in previous years, showed a 50% increase in generation.
  • Photovoltaics: After a three-year decline, installed capacity increased slightly in 2016 to 40,874 MW, but generation fell to 38.1 billion kWh due to lower solar irradiation.
  • Biogas: Installed capacity increased by 214 MW, with generation rising to 31.8 billion kWh.
  • Hydropower: Generation increased to 20.5 billion kWh, contributing 3.5% to gross electricity consumption.
  • Geothermal Energy: Generation rose slightly to 162 million kWh.

• Environmental and Economic Impact:

  • The use of renewables helped avoid 160 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent emissions, with the electricity sector alone responsible for 119 million tonnes.
  • The expansion of renewable energy sources has created significant economic activity, including investment and revenue from their construction and operation.

• Monitoring and Reporting:

  • The German government uses the Energy for the Future monitoring process to track the progress of the energy transition.
  • The Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat) provides the data for this report and is responsible for compiling and maintaining statistics on renewable energy use.
  • The data in this report reflect the situation as of the editorial deadline (August 2017), with some figures being provisional.

• Global Context:

  • The document also provides insights into the global use of renewable energy sources, including electricity generation and employment figures, though the details are less specific than the national and EU data.

Key Information

• The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has been a key driver of renewable energy expansion, especially in the electricity sector.
• Photovoltaics and onshore wind are the most significant contributors to renewable electricity generation.
• The energy transition (Energiewende) aims to achieve a 40% share of renewables in electricity consumption by 2025 and 55–60% by 2035.
• Renewable energy in the heating and transport sectors is supported by specific legislation and incentives.
• Emissions reduction and economic growth are key benefits of renewable energy utilization.
• The data used in this report are sourced from AGEE-Stat and other national and international institutions, and the publication is intended for informational purposes only.

Conclusion

The 2016 report highlights a moderate development of renewable energy in Germany, with the electricity sector leading the way. While the overall growth in renewables was not as rapid as in previous years, the continued expansion of key technologies like onshore wind and photovoltaics, along with supportive legislation and policies, ensures that renewable energy remains a central pillar of Germany's energy strategy. The report also underscores the importance of renewable energy in achieving climate goals and economic development, and provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future direction of renewable energy use in Germany and the EU.