2012-03-31-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Week_13,_26_March_-_1_April_2012_10页_1mb

Meningitis Weekly Bulletin Summary: Week 13, 2011

This report analyzes the epidemiological data for Week 13 of 2011, covering the period from March 28 to April 3, 2011, in the context of cerebrospinal meningitis surveillance in West Africa. The summary highlights key findings from the data, including case counts, death rates, lethality percentages, alerts, and dominant pathogens.

Key Findings for Week 13 (March 28 – April 3, 2011):

• Total reported cases across all countries: 339.
• Total deaths: 37, with an overall lethality rate of 10.9%.
• Countries reporting cases: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Togo. Some countries showed no cases or deaths.
• Lethality by district/region varies:
  • Benin: 50.0% lethality.
  • Burkina Faso: 18.0% lethality.
  • Cameroon: Still in epidemic phase in districts like rural Maroua and Pitoa, with attack rates up to 16.9 cases per 100,000.
  • Ghana: One district (Kassena Nankana) above alert threshold, with an attack rate of 7.4 cases per 100,000.
  • Niger: 12.3% lethality.
  • Nigeria: 4.7% lethality.
  • Togo: High case numbers, but leaked data missing for full reporting.
• Cameroon is experiencing an ongoing epidemic in the north, extending near Chad, with NmA suspected as the pathogen. Ghana has one district under alert due to elevated case rates.

Epidemic and Alert Notes:

• Cameroon: Several districts above epidemic threshold; one district (Hina) under alert.
• Ghana: Suspected epidemic or increased transmission, but subdistrict data incomplete.
• No significant changes reported from previous weeks within the monitored countries.

Synthesis of 2011 Data (Weeks 1-13):

• Cumulative cases over 13 weeks: 9,802, deaths: 964, lethality rate: 9.8%.
• Countries with ongoing high incidence: Burkina Faso (high attack rates), Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria.
• Alerts and epidemics: Chad and Togo showed evolving crises, with some districts exceeding thresholds. Overall, transmission remains widespread in certain regions.
• Pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Nm.W135 were dominant, with no unexpected shifts.

Pathogen Identification:

• Lab-confirmed pathogens through PCR, latex agglutination, and culture show predominant Streptococcus pneumoniae cases, followed by Nm.W135.
• No major outbreaks caused by other pathogens identified in this week's data.

Additional Notes:

• Graphical data referenced confirmed high attack rates in specific regions, particularly in northwestern Africa.
• Incomplete data from some countries (e.g., Côte d'Ivoire, Central African Republic) affected comprehensive reporting.
• Continuous monitoring is advised due to the evolving nature of meningitis cases and potential for spread in epidemic-prone zones.