2014年-世界发展银行全球_Republic_of_Burundi_Skills_Development_for_Growth___Building_Skills_for_Coffee_and_Other_Priority_Sectors_77页_2mb

Summary of Document: Burundi Skills Development for Growth

Core Content

This document, titled Republic of Burundi Skills Development for Growth (Report No: ACS8675), prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with Burundi's Second Vice-Presidency, analyzes the impact of education reforms and skills development strategies on Burundi's workforce and growth potential in key sectors. The report is structured to address the challenges of a rapidly growing population with low educational attainment and to support the development of a skills-based workforce aligned with the needs of the coffee, agribusiness, and energy sectors.

Main Viewpoints

• Demographics and Challenges:
  Burundi has a very young population, with two-thirds under 25 and half under 17. The country faces high population growth and density, and a significant portion of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and informal services. Educational attainment is low, with only 11% having attended secondary school and 2% having some post-secondary education.

• Basic Education Reform:
  The reform aims to provide nine years of universal basic education, replacing the previous six years of primary education and two years of lower secondary education. This reform is expected to significantly improve the foundational skills of the youth population, with the potential to increase literacy and numeracy levels.

• Labor Force Projections:
  The report uses a simulation model to project the impact of the reform on the labor force. Under different scenarios, the number of potential new entrants and their educational attainment levels vary. Scenario 1 (baseline) shows a doubling of school-leavers by 2025, while more aggressive reforms (Scenarios 2 and 3) reduce the number of new entrants but improve their educational profiles.

• Sector-Specific Skills Needs:
  The report emphasizes the need for skills development in three priority sectors: coffee, agribusiness, and energy (particularly electricity). These sectors are identified as critical for growth and have significant employment linkages.

• Current Education System:
  The existing education system includes primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary levels, with limited access to higher education. Private institutions account for a large share of post-basic education enrollments, especially in higher education, where 58% of students attend private universities.

• TVET and Higher Education Reforms:
  The government is also reforming technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education systems to better align with labor market demands. This includes increasing the number of vocational and professional education institutions.

Key Information

Education System Overview

• Total labor force: ~4.3 million in 2010, with ~3.8 million in agriculture and ~132,000 in trade.
• Educational attainment: In 2010, 43% of the working-age population (15-64) had no formal education, and 49% had only primary education.
• Primary school enrollment: Increased from 82% in 2005 to 132% in 2010 due to the abolition of school fees.
• Completion rates: Primary completion rate was 56% in 2010, far below the MDG target of 100%.
• Post-basic education: In 2009-10, 85,000 students were enrolled in secondary, technical, vocational, and higher education. Higher education had the highest proportion of private enrollments (58%).

Impact of Basic Education Reform

• Scenario 1 (Baseline):

  • School-leavers increase from ~211,000 to ~458,000 by 2025.
  • Educational attainment improves gradually, with a decline in those without primary education and an increase in those with lower secondary education.

• Scenario 2 (Rapid Reform):

  • School-leavers drop to ~310,000 by 2025 due to higher retention in education.
  • A significant improvement in the educational profile, with 41% of school-leavers completing lower secondary education.

• Scenario 3 (Aggressive Reform):

  • School-leavers fall to ~266,000 by 2025.
  • Educational attainment improves significantly, with 31% of school-leavers completing upper secondary education and 4% completing higher education.

• Scenario 4 (Gradual Reform):

  • School-leavers project to be ~313,000 by 2025.
  • Educational attainment improves, but not as rapidly as in Scenarios 2 and 3.

Sector-Specific Analysis

• Coffee Sector:

  • The coffee sector is a major export and source of foreign exchange.
  • There is a need for upgrading the value chain, which includes improving productivity, quality, and market access.
  • Skill gaps exist in areas such as coffee processing, quality control, and export logistics.
  • Training providers include the Coffee Washing Station (CWS), National Confederation of Coffee Growers (CNAC), and Professional Skills Development Center (CDCP).

• Agribusiness Sector:

  • Agribusiness has large potential for growth, with the agricultural sector employing ~90% of the population.
  • Upgrading the agribusiness value chain could lead to new employment opportunities.
  • Training is needed in areas such as post-harvest handling, value addition, and market access.
  • Key stakeholders include Coffee Regulating Agency (ARFIC) and Farm Field Schools (FFS).

• Energy Sector (Electricity):

  • Electricity is critical for economic growth, even though direct employment generation is limited.
  • Upgrading the energy value chain requires investment in infrastructure and technical skills.
  • The Water and Electricity Production and Distribution Authority (REGIDESO) is a key player in the sector.

Policy Recommendations

• TVET and Higher Education System:

  • Strengthen the TVET system to align with labor market needs.
  • Develop a demand-responsive education and training system.
  • Improve coordination between education providers and industry stakeholders.

• Workforce Development (WfD):

  • The SABER tool is used to assess the institutional and policy framework for skills supply.
  • Public intervention should focus on improving access, quality, and relevance of education and training.
  • The report recommends a combination of formal and informal training methods to meet skills demands.

• Sector Alignment:

  • Align skills development with the needs of the coffee, agribusiness, and energy sectors to ensure a productive and competitive workforce.
  • Invest in both foundational and advanced skills to support both formal and informal employment.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of education and skills development in Burundi's growth strategy. It highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that includes both basic education reform and targeted skills development in key sectors. The simulation models and sector studies provide a framework for understanding the potential impact of these reforms and guide the development of a more skilled and productive workforce.