2023-12-26-IEA-可持续和负责任的关键矿产供应链_100页_2mb

Sustainable and Responsible Critical Mineral Supply Chains: IEA Guidance

1. Context: The clean energy transition increases demand for critical minerals (e.g., lithium, nickel, cobalt), necessitating new mines and processing facilities. These activities can harm people, the environment, communities, and socio-economically fragile regions. Ensuring sustainable and responsible supply chains is crucial for reliability, resilience, and equitable energy transitions.

2. Recommendations (levers):

   • Robust Regulatory Regimes: Strengthen legal protections for environment, workers, communities, and Indigenous Peoples; improve enforcement and public disclosures (e.g., contracts, payments).
   • Directed Public Spending: Use public funds to encourage sustainable practices and reward responsible actors (e.g., conditional procurement, targeted R&D funding).
   • Tracking and Monitoring: Mandate standardized, granular data collection and reporting for performance benchmarking and transparency.
   • Supply Chain Transparency: Improve traceability through due diligence, transparency requirements throughout the chain, and public disclosure.
   • Voluntary Sustainability Standards: Support credible, international-aligned sustainability standards to complement government action and market incentives.

3. Focus Areas (supply security):

   • Water: Harming a priority due to scarcity (arid regions) and pollution (effluents); requires stewardship, performance metrics, and transparency.
   • Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Increasingly scrutinized; must reduce emissions (targets, reporting, diverse energy sources) to avoid regulations, market access issues, and reputational damage.
   • Biodiversity: Loss risks supply chain viability under new frameworks (CBD); requires impact mitigation, restoration targets, and FPIC regard.
   • Human Rights: Labor rights (child/forced labor), land rights, and consent are essential for social license and legal compliance; requires due diligence and grievance mechanisms.
   • Communities: Meaningful engagement, compensation, and benefit-sharing required to secure social license, prevent conflict, and ensure equitable benefit capture.
   • Corruption: Must be combatted through transparency (contracts, payments, beneficial ownership) and strong governance to prevent delays, investment loss, and reputational damage.

Disclaimer: This summary reflects IEA perspectives; individuals may hold differing views. The IEA is not responsible for unlicenced uses. The work cites specific recommendations (OECD Guidelines, UN Guiding Principles, EITI, etc.) and focuses areas highlighted in the Part II chapters based on the provided text.