2015-10-21-皮尤-Three-in-Ten_U.S._Jobs_Are_Held_by_the_Self-Employed_and_the_Workers_They_Hire_33页_565kb

Report Summary: Self-Employment and Job Creation in the U.S. in 2014

The Pew Research Center analyzed data from the Current Population Survey in 2014 to assess self-employment and job creation in the United States. A key finding is that self-employed workers and those they hire account for 30% of the workforce, with 14.6 million self-employed individuals employing 29.4 million others. Self-employment rate has been relatively stable across genders and races, but significant disparities exist in hiring practices.

Gender differences show that men are more likely to be self-employed (12% vs. 7% for women) and to hire paid employees (28% of men vs. 16% of women). Racial and ethnic groups exhibit varying patterns: Whites and Asians have higher self-employment rates (11% and 10%, respectively), and Asians lead in hiring among groups, with nearly 31% having employees. Incorporation of businesses boosts the likelihood of hiring; self-employed workers with incorporated firms (about 37% of total self-employed) are more likely to employ others (41%) and hire more average employees (10.2 vs. 5.6 for unincorporated businesses).

Industry-wise, agriculture, forestry and fishing, and construction have the highest self-employment rates, but sectors like manufacturing and educational services see lower job creation by self-employed workers. Immigrants are slightly more likely to be self-employed (11% overall) and to start businesses, though gaps by race and nativity are less pronounced.

Overall, self-employment rates have not declined significantly in recent decades, but the hiring rate may be decreasing, suggesting a shift in business ownership dynamics.

Key Statistics:

• 14.6 million self-employed workers.
• 29.4 million jobs created by them.
• Self-employment rate: 10% of U.S. workforce (stable since 1976).
• Gender gap: Men twice as likely as women to be self-employed.
• Ethnicity: Whites and Asians dominate self-employment and job creation percentages.