2016年-世界发展银行全球_National_Socioeconomic_Surveys_in_Forestry___Guidance_and_Survey_Models_for_Measuring_the_Multiple_Roles_of_Forests_in_Household_Welfare_and_Livelihoods_188页_8mb

Summary of National Socioeconomic Surveys in Forestry: Guidance and Survey Modules for Measuring the Multiple Roles of Forests in Household Welfare and Livelihoods

Core Content

This document provides guidance and survey modules for incorporating forest and wild product-related questions into national socioeconomic household surveys. It aims to improve the measurement of the role of forests in household welfare and livelihoods, particularly for rural populations in developing countries. The publication is a result of collaborative work between the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the International Forestry Resources and Institutions Research Network (IFRI), and the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) and Program on Forests (PROFOR).

Main Objectives

• To develop standardized survey modules that capture the socioeconomic contributions of forests and wild products.
• To enhance the understanding of how forests and non-forest environments support household well-being and livelihoods.
• To provide guidance for NSOs, researchers, donors, and NGOs on how to integrate forest-related data into existing surveys.

Key Points

1. Importance of Forests in Rural Livelihoods

• Forests and trees play a critical role in the livelihoods of rural households, especially in areas with low tree density.
• They contribute significantly to household income through the provision of energy, food, construction materials, and medicines.
• In some regions, forest products can represent a major share of household income, with estimates suggesting that forest and environmental income can account for up to 28% of total household income in forested areas.

2. Types of Surveys

• National Statistical Offices (NSOs) conduct various household surveys, including:

  • Labour Force Surveys (for employment statistics)
  • Household Budget Surveys (for consumer price indices and national accounts)
  • Multi-topic household surveys (which analyze well-being across multiple dimensions)

• Multi-topic surveys are especially useful for analyzing the broader impacts of forests on livelihoods and well-being.

3. Survey Modules

• The document presents forestry modules that can be integrated into existing surveys or developed as separate modules.
• These modules cover 15 thematic areas, including:
  • Income from forest and wild products
  • Other forest-related income sources
  • Food and nutrition
  • Employment and business benefits
  • Forest-related assets
  • Energy sources
  • Health (including medicinal plants)

4. Data Collection Issues

• Challenges in measuring forest contributions include:
  • Defining and categorizing forest and wild products
  • Seasonality and recall bias in data collection
  • Distinguishing the origin of products
  • Measuring units and prices
  • Capturing non-market services, such as environmental benefits

5. Field Testing and Implementation

• The modules were field-tested in three countries: Indonesia, Tanzania, and Nepal.
• A tablet version was also tested to improve data collection efficiency.
• Field testing included enumerator training, quality control, and data validation.
• The modules were adapted based on feedback from each round of testing.

6. Integration with Existing Surveys

• The LSMS-ISA (Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture) is the primary reference for the modules.
• The modules can be integrated into existing LSMS surveys or used as separate modules depending on the survey’s scope and objectives.
• The modules also provide non-LSMS alternatives for surveys not following the LSMS framework.

7. Benefits of National Surveys

• National surveys provide more accurate and comprehensive data on forest contributions to livelihoods and well-being.
• They help in:
  • Estimating the value addition of the forest subsector
  • Monitoring changes in forest use and resource availability
  • Informing policy and decision-making related to forest management and rural development

Main Recommendations

• Customization of modules according to the specific needs of the survey and the region.
• Systematic data collection across different vegetation systems, ecoregions, and factors influencing resource use (e.g., population density, ethnicity, proximity to roads).
• Use of standardized methodologies to ensure consistency and comparability of data.
• Inclusion of both market and non-market contributions of forests to household welfare.
• Engagement with local communities to ensure accurate reporting of forest use, especially for informal or illegal activities.

Conclusion

This sourcebook is a landmark contribution to the field of socioeconomic data collection in forestry. It provides a comprehensive set of modules and guidance to measure the multiple roles of forests in household welfare and livelihoods. By standardizing data collection, it supports more informed and effective policy-making for sustainable development and poverty alleviation.

Key Information

• Authors: Riyong Kim Bakkegaard, Arun Agrawal, Illias Animon, Nicholas Hogarth, Daniel Miller, Lauren Persha, Ewald Rametsteiner, Sven Wunder, Alberto Zezza
• Publishers: FAO, CIFOR, IFRI, and World Bank
• Publication Year: 2016
• ISBN: 978-92-5-109438-9 (FAO)
• Target Users: National statistical offices (NSOs), researchers, donors, government agencies, and NGOs
• Field Test Countries: Indonesia, Tanzania, and Nepal
• Survey Types: LSMS-type surveys, integrated surveys, and non-LSMS surveys

Annexes and Appendices

• Annex A: Definitions of forest and wild products
• Annex B: Forestry modules for LSMS-type surveys
• Annex C: Additional modules for non-LSMS-type surveys
• Annex D: Integrated forestry modules
• Annex E: Codebook for data interpretation
• Annex F: Data sources and links
• Annex G: Main results of field tests

References

• Angelsen, A., et al. (2014). Forest and environmental income and its contribution to rural livelihoods.
• Béné, C., et al. (2012). Design and implementation of fishery modules.
• Cavendish, J. (2000). Environmental resources and rural livelihoods.
• FAO (2014a). State of the World's Forests.
• IFAD (2011). Poverty and the environment.
• PROFOR (2008). Poverty-Forests Linkages Toolkit.
• Russo, L. (2014). Review of forest-related socioeconomic issues.
• Riggott, M. (2014). Micro-data analysis of socioeconomic surveys.
• Bakkegaard, R.K. (2013). Analysis of CIFOR's Poverty Environment Network survey.
• Bong, I., et al. (2016). Field testing in Indonesia.
• Karna, B. (2015). Field testing in Nepal.
• Persha, L. (2015). Field testing in Tanzania.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

• CBFM: Community-Based Forest Management
• CIFOR: Center for International Forestry Research
• FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• IFRI: International Forestry Resources and Institutions
• LSMS: Living Standards Measurement Study
• NTFP: Non-Timber Forest Product
• REDD+: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
• SEEA: System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
• World Bank: World Bank
• LSMS-ISA: Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture