2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Albania_106页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Albania Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2017 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the ease of doing business across 190 economies, including Albania. It focuses on regulatory reforms that impact the business environment, particularly for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The report highlights the importance of measuring and comparing regulations across 11 key areas of the business lifecycle, such as starting a business, getting credit, and resolving insolvency.

Main Topics and Indicators

The report includes the following key indicators:

• Starting a Business
• Dealing with Construction Permits
• Getting Electricity
• Registering Property
• Getting Credit
• Protecting Minority Investors
• Paying Taxes
• Trading Across Borders
• Enforcing Contracts
• Resolving Insolvency
• Labor Market Regulation

Albania's performance is compared to other economies in the region and globally, using both ease of doing business ranking and distance to frontier (DTF) score.

Key Findings

Ease of Doing Business Ranking

• DB2017 Rank: 58
• DB2016 Rank: 90 (not the last published ranking, but a comparable one)
• Change in Rank: +32 (moved up from DB2016 to DB2017)

Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score

• DB2017 DTF: 68.9
• DB2016 DTF: 61.3
• Change in DTF: +7.6

The DTF score reflects how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices in each area, with a score of 100 representing the frontier.

Comparative Performance

Albania's performance is benchmarked against comparator economies such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, and the best performers globally (e.g., New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates).

Detailed Indicator Analysis

Starting a Business

• Rank: 46 (DB2017), 42 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 91.73 (DB2017), 91.69 (DB2016)
• Procedures (Men/Women): 5.0
• Time (Men/Women): 5.0 days
• Cost (% of income per capita): 10.1%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.96)

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank: 106 (DB2017), 186 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 67.61 (DB2017), 0.00 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 16.0
• Time (days): 220.0
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 3.3%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF Score 87.40)

Getting Electricity

• Rank: 156 (DB2017), 164 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 48.30 (DB2017), 43.67 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 6.0
• Time (days): 134.0
• Cost (% of income per capita): 515.5%
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.88)

Registering Property

• Rank: 106 (DB2017), 107 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 58.77 (DB2017), 58.06 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 6.0
• Time (days): 19.0
• Cost (% of property value): 9.9%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 94.46)

Getting Credit

• Rank: 44 (DB2017), 42 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 65.00 (DB2017), 65.00 (DB2016)
• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 7.0
• Depth of Credit Information Index: 6.0
• Credit Registry Coverage (% of adults): 38.9%
• Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 0.0%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF Score 100.00)

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank: 19 (DB2017), 15 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 71.67 (DB2017), 71.67 (DB2016)
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 7.2
• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 7.7
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF Score 83.33)

Paying Taxes

• Rank: 97 (DB2017), 109 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 70.96 (DB2017), 67.25 (DB2016)
• Payments (per year): 34.0
• Time (hours per year): 261.0
• Total Tax Rate (% of profit): 36.5%
• Postfiling Index: 83.0
• Best Performer: United Arab Emirates (DTF Score 99.44)

Trading Across Borders

• Rank: 24 (DB2017), 22 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 96.29 (DB2017), 96.97 (DB2016)
• Time to Export (Border Compliance): 9 hours
• Cost to Export (Border Compliance): $55
• Time to Export (Documentary Compliance): 6 hours
• Cost to Export (Documentary Compliance): $10
• Time to Import (Border Compliance): 10 hours
• Cost to Import (Border Compliance): $77
• Time to Import (Documentary Compliance): 8 hours
• Cost to Import (Documentary Compliance): $10
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (DTF Score 100.00)

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank: 116 (DB2017), 113 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 53.66 (DB2017), 53.66 (DB2016)
• Time (days): 525.0
• Cost (% of claim): 34.9%
• Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 6.0
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (DTF Score 84.15)

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank: 43 (DB2017), 42 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 64.96 (DB2017), 64.98 (DB2016)
• Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 42.3 cents
• Time (years): 2.0
• Cost (% of estate): 10.0%
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 13.5
• Best Performer: Finland (DTF Score 93.89)

Key Methodological Changes in 2017

• Paying Taxes: Expanded to include postfiling processes (tax refunds, audits, appeals).
• Gender Dimension: Introduced in four indicators: starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
• New Pilot Indicator: Selling to the government.
• First-Time Inclusion: Somalia is now included in the report, bringing the total number of economies to 190.

Limitations of the Report

• The report does not include indicators related to:

  • Proximity to large markets
  • Quality of infrastructure (beyond electricity and trade)
  • Security of property from theft and looting
  • Transparency of government procurement
  • Macroeconomic conditions
  • Institutional strength

• The indicators are based on a specific type of business (local limited liability company in the largest business city).

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report provides a comprehensive overview of Albania's regulatory environment for SMEs. It highlights areas where reforms have been made, such as reducing the number of procedures and improving the time and cost for starting a business. However, the labor market regulation indicators are not included in the aggregate ranking, and the report focuses on the distance to frontier score and ease of doing business ranking to assess regulatory performance. Albania has shown improvement in several areas, but there is still room for further reforms to enhance its business environment and reduce the administrative burden on entrepreneurs.