2014年-世界发展银行全球_Solomon_Islands_Cocoa_Value_Chain_Analysis_35页_1mb

报告摘要

SOLOMON ISLANDS COCOA VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS SUMMARY

Core Content

This document presents a comprehensive analysis of the cocoa value chain in the Solomon Islands, commissioned by the World Bank, Australian Aid Programme, and Mondelez International. The analysis aims to identify opportunities for enhancing the contribution of cocoa to rural livelihoods and the national economy, and to support the design of agriculture sector interventions under the follow-on Solomon Islands Rural Development Program (SIRDP).

The Solomon Islands Cocoa Industry Policy and Strategies (SICIPS) 2012-2020 serve as a guiding framework, emphasizing the need for private sector participation, foreign investment, and strategic cooperation between government, development partners, and the private sector. The objective is to increase cocoa production to 20,000 Metric tons by 2020, with a focus on improving productivity, processing, and market access.

Main Viewpoints

Government Commitment: The Solomon Islands Government (SIG) has a clear commitment to the cocoa industry, as evidenced by the National Development Strategy (NDS) 2011-2020 and the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAL) Corporate Plan 2011-2014.
Economic Context: The Solomon Islands economy is recovering, with GDP growth rates averaging around 2.9% from 2003 to 2013. Agriculture contributes significantly to GDP and employment, with cocoa being a key export crop.
Cocoa Industry Overview: Over 24,000 smallholders, representing 26% of the population, are involved in cocoa production, primarily in Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira provinces. Smallholders and processors capture around 77% of gross margins from cocoa, with total gross margins expected to increase from SBD 55 million in 2013 to over SBD 90 million by 2020 due to projected price increases.
Market Trends: Global and domestic market trends show that cocoa prices have increased by an average of 13% over the last decade, with production rising by 5%. With further price increases, production is projected to reach around 10,000 Metric tons by 2020, up from 4,500 Metric tons in 2012.
Mondelez Interest: Mondelez International has expressed interest in purchasing 10,000 Metric tons of cocoa from the Solomon Islands, offering a potential boost to the industry and opportunities for partnerships with producers, government, and other stakeholders.

Key Information

2.1 Economic and National Development

The NDS 2011-2020 emphasizes private sector-led growth and promoting commercial export crops like cocoa.
The average GDP growth rate was 2.9% from 2003 to 2013, with agriculture contributing 52% to GDP.
Cocoa and copra together account for 17% of total export earnings.

2.2 Agriculture Sector and Cocoa Industry Development

The MAL Corporate Plan 2011-2014 outlines 10 key outcome areas (KOA), several of which are directly relevant to cocoa development.
SICIPS 2012-2020 includes 10 policy directives, such as establishing a governance framework, improving land use and environmental sustainability, and enhancing downstream processing.
The National Cocoa Industry Development (NCID) 2014-2020 is aimed at achieving a 20,000 Metric tons production target by 2020 and improving the industry's resilience.

2.3 Infrastructure and Transport

Public infrastructure in the Solomon Islands is underdeveloped, with limited road networks and reliance on sea transport.
There are no dedicated cocoa transport services; cocoa is transported via regular inter-island shipping and local sea/road services.
Domestic shipping prices are based on the value of the commodity, with cocoa bags (80 kg) costing between SBD 60-80 to transport to Honiara, compared to SBD 35-60 for copra.

2.4 Institutional and Regulatory Framework

CEMA, under the CEMA Act 1984 and associated regulations, is responsible for licensing, inspection, grading, and managing the cocoa industry.
CEMA has the authority to inspect storage facilities and processing units, ensuring compliance with international standards.
The National Cocoa Steering Committee (NCSC) has been established to coordinate and monitor the industry, with a formalized structure and stakeholder participation.

2.5 Development Partners

Development partners such as Australia and the European Union have supported cocoa initiatives through programs like CLIP, PARDI, and PHAMA.
The SEF under SIRDP has provided equity support to cocoa processors, traders, and exporters, with around half of the grants going to the cocoa sector.
PHAMA is supporting the cocoa industry by establishing a Cocoa Market Access Industry Working Group (IWG) and improving CEMA's laboratory capabilities for quality testing.

Challenges and Opportunities

The cocoa value chain faces challenges related to infrastructure, transport, and regulatory compliance.
Opportunities exist for improving productivity, processing, and market access through public-private partnerships and increased R&D investment.
Strengthening institutional frameworks, such as the NCSC and NCS, is essential for the long-term sustainability of the industry.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The analysis highlights the potential for significant growth in the Solomon Islands cocoa industry, both in terms of production and economic contribution.
To realize this potential, targeted interventions are needed in R&D, infrastructure, and regulatory support.
Strengthening the institutional framework and fostering partnerships between government, development partners, and the private sector will be crucial for the industry's development.

Key Figures

Production: 4,500 Metric tons in 2012, projected to reach 10,000 Metric tons by 2020.
Gross Margins: SBD 11 million annually for smallholders, SBD 55 million for the entire industry in 2013.
Expected Gross Margins by 2020: SBD 15-24 million for smallholders, SBD 35-45 million including processors, and total gross margins expected to exceed SBD 90 million.

Annexes

Annex I: Gross Margins Analysis – Provides detailed data on margins at each stage of the value chain.
Annex II: Exporter Profiles – Lists key exporters and their roles in the industry.