2025-01-19-麦肯锡-衡量经济赋权_公司如何使更多人受益（英）_24页_1mb

Summary: Economic Empowerment Made-to-Measure

Core Content

This document explores how companies can effectively contribute to economic empowerment, focusing on the empowerment line as a global standard to measure progress toward meeting essential needs. It emphasizes the importance of connections, contexts, and capabilities in designing tailored initiatives that benefit people in need.

The empowerment line represents the cost of a basket of essential goods and services (housing, healthcare, food, transportation) for a frugal yet decent quality of life. It varies by country, influenced by local costs and income levels. In lower-income economies, GDP growth is the primary driver of empowerment, while in higher-income economies, income inequality and affordability of essentials become more critical barriers.

Main Points

• Empowerment Line: A metric developed by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) that defines the minimum cost needed to meet basic needs. It serves as a baseline for measuring progress toward economic inclusion.
• Global Empowerment Gap: About 40% of the global population lives above the empowerment line, while the rest struggles to meet their basic needs. In 2020, approximately 4.7 billion people out of 8 billion lived below the line.
• Context Matters: Empowerment challenges vary significantly across countries and even within them, depending on factors like GDP, employment opportunities, and affordability of essentials.
• Private Sector Role: Companies play a crucial role in economic empowerment through their core business operations and CSR activities. They can influence both disposable income and cost of essentials to lift people above the empowerment line.
• Empowerment Impact Metric: A new unifying metric proposed to evaluate the cost efficiency of social initiatives. It measures the boost in spending power for people below the empowerment line, either through increased income or reduced costs.
• Cost-to-Impact Ratio: This metric helps companies compare the efficiency of different initiatives. A ratio of 1.0 indicates that a dollar spent delivers a dollar in empowerment benefits, while a ratio below 1.0 is more cost-efficient.

Key Insights

• Empowerment Challenges by Country:

  • Higher Income: In the US, Germany, and Japan, housing affordability is a major issue. In Japan, an aging population and shrinking workforce pose unique challenges.
  • Middle Income: In China, Brazil, and South Africa, food affordability is the most significant barrier. Brazil also faces high transportation costs due to its geography, while South Africa struggles with unemployment.
  • Lower Income: In Vietnam, Egypt, and India, labor force participation and informal employment are key challenges. India has a high proportion of informal workers, which limits their access to stable income and benefits.

• Private Sector Initiatives:

  • Companies can support empowerment through various actions, such as subsidized healthcare, affordable housing, training programs, philanthropy, and wage improvements.
  • There are 70 types of initiatives identified across 100 large companies, targeting employees, suppliers, customers, and communities.
  • Examples include:
    • Employee support: Free meals, childcare assistance, and reskilling programs.
    • Supplier support: Living wage pledges and ethical sourcing.
    • Customer support: Discount programs and affordable products.
    • Community support: Land donations, infrastructure projects, and education programs.

• Cost Efficiency and Prioritization:

  • The empowerment cost curve helps companies assess and prioritize initiatives based on their cost efficiency.
  • The cost-to-impact ratio is a key tool for evaluating the efficiency of initiatives. A lower ratio indicates higher cost efficiency.
  • The ratio is sensitive to discount rates, with a 2% rate being commonly used for social initiatives and an 8% rate for business-related investments.

Conclusion

Economic empowerment is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a tailored approach. By understanding connections, contexts, and capabilities, companies can design more effective initiatives that align with the needs of the communities they serve. The empowerment impact metric and cost-to-impact ratio provide a structured way to evaluate and prioritize these efforts, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently to create meaningful social impact.