2024-09-09-未来能源研究所-更宽总是更好吗_先前存在的扭曲_排放弹性和排放定价范围（英）_56页_786kb
报告摘要
- Carbon pricing policies are debated for reducing emissions, with broad policies favored for efficiency. However, numerical simulations show that narrower policies, such as those covering only the power sector, can be more cost-effective for modest emissions reductions due to preexisting tax distortions, particularly on capital taxes, and sectoral differences in emissions elasticity. This advantage arises because narrow policies avoid high distortion sectors, making them cheaper per ton of emissions reduced.
- The cost-effectiveness of narrow policies diminishes with higher stringency, while broader policies become more efficient at higher emission targets. Preexisting distortions amplify this effect, as narrow policies exploit sectors with lower abatement costs. Sensitivity analyses with variations in taxes and elasticities confirm that narrow policies remain cost-effective for initial reductions.
- Policy implications include starting with narrower carbon pricing to overcome political feasibility and gradually broadening as stringency increases. This approach can achieve environmental goals while minimizing costs, especially when exemptions are carefully designed based on sectoral characteristics.
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