2023-10-18-未来能源研究所-扩大可能性_电网增强技术_分布式能源和微电网何时何地能支持未来的电网_30页_1mb

Grid-Enhancing Technologies (GETs), Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), and Microgrids offer alternatives to traditional transmission expansion for meeting future grid demands. GETs like Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), and Topology Optimization enhance existing infrastructure efficiency and reliability. DLR improves line usage with real-time data but faces calibration issues; FACTS enables rapid power flow control but is costly; TO automates reconfiguration to reduce congestion but may slow with grid complexity. Diverse regulatory and market structures create barriers to adoption.

DERs include small-scale generation and storage, such as solar, wind, batteries, and demand response. They reduce transmission need by colocating generation near loads but often require grid integration support and face permitting, visibility, and cybersecurity challenges. Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) aggregate load reductions, with economic benefits for reducing peak costs.

Microgrids ensure resilience and local energy autonomy, ideal for remote or disaster-prone areas, combining various DERs with storage. Their high upfront costs, financing challenges, and regulatory constraints limit broader deployment. Nevertheless, they offer improved reliability and decarbonization opportunities.

The report suggests that these solutions can partially substitute for new transmission but require coordinated efforts among policymakers, regulators, utilities, technology developers, investors, and consumers to maximize benefits. Further research is needed to optimize implementation in specific contexts and address existing challenges.