2025年粮食安全与营养状况非洲区域概览_187页_3mb

报告摘要

Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2025 – Financing towards Agrifood Systems Transformation

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of food security and nutrition challenges in Africa and highlights the need for increased financing to transform agrifood systems and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to hunger and malnutrition. It emphasizes the role of public policy, private investment, and blended finance in addressing these issues.

Main Trends and Statistics

Undernourishment and Food Insecurity

Prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) in Africa reached 20.2% in 2024, meaning 306.5 million people were undernourished, compared to a global average of 8.2%.
Moderate or severe food insecurity affected 59% of Africa's population, or 892.7 million people, in 2024, more than double the global average of 28%.
Severe food insecurity impacted 22.2% of Africa's population, or 337 million people, in 2024.

Malnutrition

Stunting among children under 5 years of age remained high at over 30% in 2024, despite progress over the past two decades.
Wasting in children under 5 years of age was 5.4% in 2024, slightly below the global estimate of 6.6%, but still high in most subregions.
Overweight in children under 5 years of age was 4.5% in 2024, below the global estimate.
Anaemia among women aged 15–49 years was 35.9% in 2023, significantly higher than the global average and especially prevalent in Western and Central Africa.

Nutrition Indicators

Adult obesity in Africa reached 16.2% in 2022, slightly above the global average and increasing over the past two decades.
Exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–5 months was 45.2% in 2023, slightly below the global average, with only Eastern Africa on track to meet the 2030 target.
Low birthweight prevalence in Africa was 13.9% in 2020, still higher than the global estimate.

Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet

The average cost of a healthy diet in Africa was USD 4.41 per person per day in 2024, up 5.5% from 2023.
This cost is well above the extreme poverty threshold of USD 2.15 per person per day, indicating that even non-poor individuals in Africa may struggle to afford a healthy diet.
In 2024, over 1 billion people in Africa could not afford a healthy diet, an increase of over 29 million from 2023 and 145 million since the pandemic.

Financing for Agrifood Systems

Sources of Financing

Domestic public expenditure in agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AFF) in Africa was USD 16 billion in 2022, up from USD 12.6 billion in 2020 and USD 14.6 billion in 2021.
International development funding includes Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (OOF). Between 2017 and 2021, ODA and OOF grew at 6% and 2% annually, respectively, but remained less than a priority for donors, with less than 27% of flows directed to food security and nutrition.
Credit from the domestic banking system to the AFF sector has been less than 4% of total credit from 2001 to 2022, despite an increasing trend in loan stocks since 2005.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa's food and beverages sector has been low, with annual inflows generally under USD 2 billion since 2003, except for certain years.
Remittances have become a significant source of foreign income, reaching USD 100.1 billion in 2022, benefiting 200 million people, though the cost of sending remittances remains high.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

Conflict, climate variability, and economic downturns are major drivers of worsening food security and malnutrition.
Persistent inequalities and high financial risks hinder investment in agrifood systems.
Funding shortages and inadequate policy frameworks make it difficult for African governments to meet SDG2 targets.
Limited private financing and low FDI inflows into the agrifood sector are major constraints.

Opportunities

Blended finance offers a promising approach to reduce risks and enhance returns for investments in agrifood systems.
Public-private partnerships and innovative financial instruments can support smallholder farmers, agri-SMEs, and other stakeholders.
Diaspora remittances can be a powerful tool for financing, though they are often not efficiently utilized.
Local financial institutions and microfinance can improve access to credit for small-scale producers.
Technology and digital finance (e.g., M-PESA, One Acre Fund) can enhance financial inclusion and productivity in agrifood systems.

Role of Public Policy

Public policy is crucial in creating an enabling environment for investment in agrifood systems.
Key initiatives such as the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) are driving reforms and improving financial access.
Costs of inaction are high, with significant social, economic, and health implications for the continent.

Conclusion

Africa is off track to achieve SDG2 (Zero Hunger) and Malabo targets by 2030. The worsening food security and slow progress in nutrition necessitate a substantial increase in financing for agrifood systems transformation. A robust policy and institutional framework is essential to mobilize resources, improve access to credit, and reduce financial risks. Blended finance, public-private partnerships, and innovative financial instruments are highlighted as critical tools to support this transformation.

Key Recommendations

Increase public and private investment in agrifood systems.
Strengthen policy and regulatory frameworks to support financial inclusion and resilience.
Promote blended finance mechanisms to reduce risks and attract more capital.
Improve access to credit for smallholder farmers and agri-SMEs.
Enhance remittance utilization and financial infrastructure to support rural and small-scale producers.

Summary of Key Financial Data

Domestic public expenditure in AFF increased to USD 16 billion in 2022.
ODA and OOF to Africa for food security and nutrition grew at 6% and 2% annually between 2017 and 2021.
Net banking loans to AFF declined from 2017 to 2022.
FDI inflows to Africa's food and beverages sector were generally below USD 2 billion annually.
Remittances reached USD 100.1 billion in 2022, making them the largest source of foreign income for many African economies.