2022-08-31-ITIF-弥合差距_美国能源部建筑研发组合的优先事项（英）_16页_654kb

Summary of "Closing the Gap: Priorities for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Building RD&D Portfolio"

Overview

The building sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, rising from 8% in 2005 to 14% in 2019, making it the only energy-related sector with increasing emissions. Despite overall progress, deficiencies in decarbonization are noted.

Key Challenges

• Emissions Growth: Driven primarily by high-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems.
• RD&D Underfunding: Federal investments in building technologies average 7% of DOE’s budget, insufficient for addressing key barriers.
• Limited Scope: Existing programs overlook major emission sources, such as fossil fuel combustion in appliances, waste management (e.g., landfills), and embodied carbon from building materials.

Recommendations

1. Increase Funding: Significantly boost RD&D investments in building technologies, including at least $300 million additional funding to address GHG emissions comprehensively.
2. Accelerate Electrification: Enhance collaboration across DOE offices and agencies for building electrification, grid integration, and efficient retrofits.
3. Target Low-GWP Refrigerants: Prioritize RD&D for alternatives to HFCs, such as refrigerant-free cooling technologies, to reduce emissions in HVAC&R.
4. Expand Scope: Address fossil fuel-dependent appliances, cooking equipment, waste management (e.g., landfill emissions), and embodied carbon through collaborative efforts.
5. Improve Efficiency: Invest in energy efficiency upgrades for buildings, including advanced controls and high-performance windows.

The sector is not on track to meet net-zero emissions by 2050, necessitating urgent and strategic actions by DOE to align its RD&D portfolio with national climate goals.