2007年-世界发展银行全球_Growth_Prospects_for_Rukwa_Region___Constraints_and_Opportunities_57页_673kb

Summary of Growth Prospects for Rukwa Region

1. Introduction

The report, prepared by the World Bank Tanzania Country Office in collaboration with the Rukwa Regional Administrative Secretariat, evaluates the growth prospects and constraints of Rukwa Region. It highlights the region's potential in agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forestry, and tourism, while identifying opportunities for investment and development.

2.1. Background and Location

• Region Formation: Established in 1974 by demarcating parts of Mbeya and Tabora.
• Geography: Located in the Southwestern part of Tanzania, between 5° and 9°S and 30° to 33°E.
• Area: 75,240 km², with four Local Government Authorities (LGAs): Mpanda, Sumbawanga Urban, Sumbawanga Rural, and Nkasi.
• Borders: Adjacent to Zambia, DRC, Kigoma, Tabora, and Mbeya.
• Topography: Includes the Ufipa Plateau (highest point at 2,461 m) and Lake Tanganyika (lowest point at 773 m).

2.2. Climate

• Tropical Climate: Mean temperatures range from 13°C to 27°C.
• Rainfall: Historically reliable, but recent years have seen reduced rainfall due to environmental degradation.

2.3. People and Culture

• Population: 1,141,743 in 2002, projected to be 1,349,749 by 2007.
• Languages: Kiswahili, Kifipa, Kimambwe, Kilungu, Kikonongo, and Kinyamwanga.
• Staple Foods: Maize, rice, beans, cassava, and fish.
• Cultural Diversity: The region is home to various ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditions.

2.4. Economy and Population

• GDP (2002): 278,129 Mio TShs.
• Per Capita GDP (2002): 243,600 TShs, indicating a significant portion of the population lives below the poverty line.
• Household Size: Average of 5.1 people per household.
• Population Distribution: Mpanda has the largest population (483,526 projected by 2007), followed by Sumbawanga Rural, Nkasi, and Sumbawanga Urban.

2.5. Age Dependency Ratio

• Overall Dependency Ratio (2002): 105, meaning 105 dependents per 100 adults in the workforce.
• Urban vs. Rural: Higher dependency ratio in rural areas than in urban areas.

2.6. Ecological Zones

Rukwa has six agro-ecological zones, each with distinct characteristics:

3. Productive Sectors

3.1. Crops

• Agricultural Dominance: 90% of the population relies on agriculture.
• Land Utilization: Arable land is 2,357,029 ha, but only 597,985 ha is under cultivation.
• Yield Potential: Current yield is 1.7–2.0 tons per hectare, but could reach 5.6 tons with improved methods.
• Challenges:
  • Poor road infrastructure hinders transport.
  • Low prices offered by buyers.
  • Limited access to markets for some crops.
• Opportunities:
  • Improved extension services and input availability.
  • Development of irrigation schemes.
  • Expansion of markets through the Strategic Grain Reserve (SGR) and private buyers.

3.2. Livestock

• Main Livestock: Cattle, goats, chickens, pigs, rabbits, and pigeons.
• Markets: Livestock products are sold locally and in neighboring regions.
• Support Services: Limited, but efforts are underway to improve.
• Land Issues: Grazing land is limited, especially in the Ufipa Plateau.
• Opportunities:
  • Development of livestock markets.
  • Improvement of support services and infrastructure.

3.3. Fisheries

• Key Resources: Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa provide significant fish resources.
• Opportunities:
  • Investment in fisheries infrastructure.
  • Support for sustainable fishing practices.

3.4. Forestry

• Beekeeping: A growing sector with potential for income generation.
• Wildlife: The region has rich biodiversity.
• Opportunities:
  • Investment in beekeeping and sustainable forestry practices.
  • Protection of natural resources through community involvement and education.

3.5. Tourism

• Key Site: Katavi National Park is a major attraction.
• Tourist Numbers (2001–2006): Increasing over the years, indicating potential for growth.
• Opportunities:
  • Development of tourism infrastructure.
  • Promotion of eco-tourism and community-based tourism.

3.6. Mining

• Minerals: Coal and gemstones are the primary minerals.
• Opportunities:
  • Exploration and mining activities.
  • Investment in mining infrastructure and technology.

4. Social Sectors

• Education:
  • Pre-primary, primary, and secondary schools are present.
  • Literacy levels are low, with a need for improved education infrastructure and programs.
  • Opportunities include vocational training, school construction, and improving access to education.
• Health:
  • Common diseases include malaria, respiratory infections, and HIV/AIDS.
  • Health staff is limited, and facilities are underdeveloped.
  • HIV/AIDS prevalence is a concern, with cumulative cases reported.
  • Opportunities include improving health infrastructure, training health staff, and increasing access to health services.

5. Infrastructure

• Transport:
  • Poor road conditions are a major constraint.
  • The Tunduma–Sumbawanga road is planned to be paved, improving access.
  • Internal roads are mostly seasonal and in poor condition.
• Communication:
  • Limited telephone and radio/TV coverage.
• Energy:
  • Energy demand and supply are low in towns like Sumbawanga and Mpanda.
• Water:
  • Water schemes are underdeveloped and require investment.

6. Development Partners and Stakeholders

• The report emphasizes the importance of collaboration with local and national stakeholders.
• A stakeholders' workshop was held in May 2007, leading to the investor meeting in June 2007.
• The involvement of development partners and government agencies is crucial for growth and poverty reduction.

7. Resources Mobilisation

• Funding comes from both central government and local councils.
• Additional sources include development partners and private investments.

8. Planning Process

• The use of GIS maps has been introduced to support planning.
• These maps help in identifying growth priorities and potential investment areas.

9. Stakeholders' Workshop

• Conducted in Sumbawanga in May 2007, with participation from 63 stakeholders.
• The workshop aimed to discuss constraints and opportunities, and to align stakeholders on a growth strategy.

10. GIS Maps

• GIS data has been used to map natural resources, infrastructure, and service delivery.
• These maps support the planning process and investment decisions.

11. Identified Opportunities for Investment

• Agriculture: Improved irrigation schemes, better access to inputs, and market development.
• Livestock: Better support services, improved access to grazing land, and market expansion.
• Fisheries: Infrastructure development and sustainable practices.
• Forestry: Beekeeping, community-based conservation, and sustainable resource use.
• Tourism: Development of eco-tourism and infrastructure.
• Mining: Exploration, infrastructure, and technology investment.

12. Conclusion

Rukwa Region has significant growth potential in various sectors, but faces challenges such as poor infrastructure, limited capital, and environmental degradation. The report highlights the need for targeted investments, improved access to markets, and enhanced support services to unlock this potential and support poverty reduction. The collaboration between the World Bank, local authorities, and stakeholders is essential for the region's development.