美国反腐败战略报告：关于将反腐败作为美国国家安全核心利益的备忘录（英）-白宫-2021.12-38页_297kb

United States Strategy on Countering Corruption Summary

Core Content

The United States Strategy on Countering Corruption, established in December 2021 under President Biden's National Security Study Memorandum-1 (NSSM-1), positions the fight against corruption as a core national security interest. The strategy outlines a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to combat corruption both domestically and internationally, with a focus on transnational dimensions and the role of the financial system in enabling corrupt activities.

Main Points

• Corruption as a National Security Threat: Corruption undermines the rule of law, public trust, and democratic institutions, while also enabling authoritarian regimes and criminal networks to destabilize societies and economies.
• Global Reach of Corruption: Corrupt actors exploit financial systems, legal loopholes, and international networks to hide illicit gains, often using U.S. systems as conduits for laundering money.
• Five Strategic Pillars: The strategy is structured around five pillars that are mutually reinforcing and designed to address different aspects of corruption.

Key Strategic Pillars and Objectives

Pillar One: Modernizing, Coordinating, and Resourcing U.S. Government Efforts to Better Fight Corruption

• Strategic Objective 1.1: Enhance research, data collection, and analysis to better understand and map corruption networks.
• Strategic Objective 1.2: Improve information sharing within the U.S. and internationally.
• Strategic Objective 1.3: Increase focus on transnational corruption.
• Strategic Objective 1.4: Organize and resource anti-corruption efforts effectively.
• Strategic Objective 1.5: Integrate anti-corruption into regional and sectoral priorities.

Pillar Two: Curbing Illicit Finance

• Strategic Objective 2.1: Address deficiencies in the U.S. anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) regimes.
• Strategic Objective 2.2: Work with allies and partners to address global governance weaknesses and close safe havens.

Pillar Three: Holding Corrupt Actors Accountable

• Strategic Objective 3.1: Enhance enforcement efforts against corrupt actors.
• Strategic Objective 3.2: Update tools to hold corrupt actors accountable at home and abroad.
• Strategic Objective 3.3: Coordinate with partner countries to strengthen enforcement.
• Strategic Objective 3.4: Support foreign governments in pursuing accountability.
• Strategic Objective 3.5: Empower civil society, media, and private sector actors to detect and expose corruption.

Pillar Four: Preserving and Strengthening the Multilateral Anti-Corruption Architecture

• Strategic Objective 4.1: Bolster existing anti-corruption frameworks and institutions.
• Strategic Objective 4.2: Redouble efforts at multilateral fora to push for stronger anti-corruption measures.

Pillar Five: Improving Diplomatic Engagement and Leveraging Foreign Assistance Resources

• Strategic Objective 5.1: Elevate and expand diplomatic and foreign assistance efforts against corruption.
• Strategic Objective 5.2: Protect anti-corruption actors, including activists and journalists.
• Strategic Objective 5.3: Leverage innovation in anti-corruption efforts.
• Strategic Objective 5.4: Improve coordination and risk analysis across foreign assistance.
• Strategic Objective 5.5: Integrate corruption considerations into military planning and operations.

Key Information

• The strategy emphasizes the transnational nature of corruption, particularly how it exploits financial systems and legal loopholes.
• It highlights the need for interagency coordination, improved data sharing, and increased focus on financial transparency.
• The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is a central tool for enforcement, with plans to expand its reach and effectiveness.
• The U.S. will support civil society and media in exposing corruption and will enhance public-private partnerships.
• Multilateral engagement is critical, with the U.S. aiming to strengthen international institutions like the OECD, OAS, and UN.
• The strategy includes new initiatives such as the Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Rewards Program and the Democracies Against Safe Havens Initiative.
• Metrics and reporting will be developed to track progress and ensure accountability across all pillars.

Conclusion

This strategy reflects a renewed U.S. commitment to countering corruption as a strategic and security issue. By integrating anti-corruption efforts into broader policy initiatives, enhancing enforcement, and strengthening international cooperation, the U.S. aims to lead the global fight against corruption and promote transparency, accountability, and good governance worldwide.