2022-10-02-国际事务研究院-国际事务研究院-数字货币能否结束印尼的金融排斥_经济现实与政策目标（英）_19页_798kb

The article "Can Digital Currencies End Financial Exclusion in Indonesia? Economic Realities and Policy Ambitions" by Nicola Bilotta examines whether digital currencies, including central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and cryptocurrencies, can address financial inclusion issues in Indonesia. The analysis highlights that Indonesia, with a large unbanked population (around 92 million people), has significant opportunities for digital currencies to promote financial empowerment through increased access to banking, lower transaction costs, and improved public services like government-to-citizen payments. CBDCs, if designed properly, could reduce barriers such as lack of documentation or distance to branches, while leveraging programmable features for targeted aid.

However, key challenges exist, including the digital divide (43% live in rural areas with limited internet), low financial literacy (only 21.84% are financially literate), and economic inequality (high Gini index). If mishandled, CBDCs risk further marginalizing excluded groups. Cryptocurrencies show potential for investment and remittances but carry high risks of fraud, scams, and lack of accessibility due to low education and awareness. The study recommends that Indonesia's central bank and policymakers focus on inclusive design, infrastructure investment, financial education campaigns, and robust regulations to mitigate risks and maximize the benefits of digital currencies for universal financial inclusion.