2015年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2016___Saudi_Arabia_103页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Doing Business 2016: Saudi Arabia

Core Content

The Doing Business 2016 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses across 189 economies, focusing on 11 key areas. These include starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. The report provides a comparative analysis of regulations and their impact on economic performance, offering insights for policymakers to identify and implement effective reforms.

Key Findings

Ease of Doing Business (EDB) Ranking: Saudi Arabia ranked 82nd in 2016, showing a 2-point improvement from 2015.
Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score: Saudi Arabia's DTF score was 63.17, up from 62.69 in 2015.
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Income Category: High income
Population: 29,369,428
GNI per capita (US$): 25,818

Main Indicators and Performance

Starting a Business

Rank: 130 (DB2016), 124 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 78.66 (DB2016), 78.3 (DB2015)
Procedures: 12 (DB2016), 12 (DB2015)
Time (days): 19 (DB2016), 20.5 (DB2015)
Cost (% of income per capita): 4.1 (DB2016), 4.0 (DB2015)
Paid-in Minimum Capital (% of income per capita): 0.0 (DB2016), 0.0 (DB2015)

Dealing with Construction Permits

Rank: 17 (DB2016), 17 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 80.75 (DB2016), 80.76 (DB2015)
Procedures: 13 (DB2016), 13 (DB2015)
Time (days): 106.0 (DB2016), 106.0 (DB2015)
Cost (% of warehouse value): 0.4 (DB2016), 0.4 (DB2015)
Building Quality Control Index (0-15): 12.0 (DB2016), 12.0 (DB2015)

Getting Electricity

Rank: 24 (DB2016), 25 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 84.83 (DB2016), 84.83 (DB2015)
Procedures: 4 (DB2016), 4 (DB2015)
Time (days): 61.0 (DB2016), 61.0 (DB2015)
Cost (% of income per capita): 26.2 (DB2016), 25.5 (DB2015)
Reliability of Supply and Transparency of Tariff Index (0-8): 6.0 (DB2016), 6.0 (DB2015)

Registering Property

Rank: 31 (DB2016), 49 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 78.15 (DB2016), 73.75 (DB2015)
Procedures: 3 (DB2016), 5 (DB2015)
Time (days): 6.0 (DB2016), 8.0 (DB2015)
Cost (% of property value): 0.0 (DB2016), 0.0 (DB2015)
Quality of Land Administration Index (0-30): 9.5 (DB2016), 9.5 (DB2015)

Getting Credit

Rank: 79 (DB2016), 71 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 50 (DB2016), 50 (DB2015)
Strength of Legal Rights Index (0-12): 2.0 (DB2016), 2.0 (DB2015)
Depth of Credit Information Index (0-8): 8.0 (DB2016), 8.0 (DB2015)
Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 47.4 (DB2016), 47.0 (DB2015)

Protecting Minority Investors

Rank: 99 (DB2016), 98 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 51.67 (DB2016), 51.67 (DB2015)
Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index (0-10): 5.2 (DB2016), 5.2 (DB2015)
Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index (0-10): 6.7 (DB2016), 6.7 (DB2015)
Extent of Shareholder Governance Index (0-10): 3.7 (DB2016), 3.7 (DB2015)

Paying Taxes

Rank: 3 (DB2016), 3 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 99.23 (DB2016), 99.23 (DB2015)
Payments (number per month): 3.0 (DB2016), 3.0 (DB2015)
Time (hours per year): 64.0 (DB2016), 64.0 (DB2015)
Total Tax Rate (% of profit): 15.0 (DB2016), 14.6 (DB2015)

Trading Across Borders

Rank: 150 (DB2016), 151 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 49.62 (DB2016), 49.62 (DB2015)
Time to Export (hours): 69 (DB2016), 69 (DB2015)
Cost to Export (USD): 264 (DB2016), 264 (DB2015)
Time to Import (hours): 228 (DB2016), 228 (DB2015)
Cost to Import (USD): 779 (DB2016), 779 (DB2015)

Enforcing Contracts

Rank: 86 (DB2016), 86 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 58.78 (DB2016), 58.78 (DB2015)
Time (days): 575.0 (DB2016), 575.0 (DB2015)
Cost (% of claim): 27.5 (DB2016), 27.5 (DB2015)
Quality of Judicial Processes Index (0-18): 8.0 (DB2016), 8.0 (DB2015)

Resolving Insolvency

Rank: 189 (DB2016), 189 (DB2015)
DTF Score: 0 (DB2016), 0 (DB2015)
Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 0.0 (DB2016), 0.0 (DB2015)
Time (years): No practice (DB2016), No practice (DB2015)
Cost (% of estate): No practice (DB2016), No practice (DB2015)

Methodology Changes in 2016

Dealing with Construction Permits: Added an index for the quality of building regulation and its implementation.
Getting Electricity: Included a measure of electricity price and an index for supply reliability and tariff transparency.
Registering Property: Added an index for the quality of land administration.
Enforcing Contracts: Added an index for the quality and efficiency of judicial processes.
Trading Across Borders: Updated the case study to reflect comparative advantage and selected import partners based on trade value.
Protecting Minority Investors: Updated the index to include limited companies instead of just privately held joint stock companies.

Key Insights

The report highlights the absolute distance to regulatory best practices and the relative ranking of economies.
While Saudi Arabia improved slightly in some areas, it still faces significant challenges in areas such as resolving insolvency, where no formal process exists.
The DTF score and ranking provide a more detailed view of regulatory changes over time than the EDB ranking alone.
Comparisons with comparator economies and the global best performer reveal areas where Saudi Arabia lags behind, such as paying taxes (ranked 3rd, but still far from the best performer, the UAE).
The methodology focuses on local limited liability companies in the largest business city, with data collected based on standard assumptions for cross-economy comparisons.

Conclusion

Doing Business 2016 provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory environment in Saudi Arabia, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses. While the country has made some progress in certain areas, it still has room for improvement, especially in insolvency resolution and contract enforcement. Policymakers can use this data to identify specific regulatory reforms that can enhance the business environment and support economic growth.

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