2022-11-17-世界卫生组织-Oral_Health_Grenada_2022_country_profile_2页_660kb

Grenada Oral Health Country Profile Summary

1. Oral Disease Burden

• Prevalence: High rates of untreated dental caries in children (44.8% for deciduous teeth in ages 1-9 years) and adults (29.3% for permanent teeth decay in ages 5+ years, 24.3% severe periodontal disease in ages 15+ years, 7.2% edentulism in ages 20+ years).
• Cancer: Incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer is noted, but no standardized data provided beyond descriptive statistics.
• Overall: Elevated burden indicates significant public health challenges in oral health outcomes based on Global Burden of Disease 2019 estimates.

2. National Health System Response

• Policies: A national oral health policy exists but is in drafting or operational stage; no implementation of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax.
• Measures: Oral health interventions, such as screening for early detection and basic procedures, are available; however, urgent treatment for emergency oral care is unavailable. Health benefit packages include preventive and essential curative care, but advanced and rehabilitative services may not be fully covered.
• Resources: Per capita health expenditure on dentistry is $32 US, with total expenditure of $3.5 million US. Workforce includes dentists (22 in 2018), dental assistants, prosthetic technicians, but staffing is limited.

3. Risk Factors

• Key Issues: High sugar consumption (average 92.0 g/day) and tobacco use among adults (with alcohol consumption also reported) are major risk factors. Noma is recognized as a regional public health problem but not nationally.
• Factors: Data from National Cancer Database and surveys highlight avoidable risks, but systemic interventions like SSB taxes are absent.

4. Economic Impact

• Costs: Total expenditure on dental healthcare is $3.5 million US, while productivity losses due to oral diseases amount to $4.4 million US. Oral care affordability is low, with some populations requiring more than one day of labor to purchase annual supplies of fluoride toothpaste.
• Overall: Economic burden underscores the need for prevention and improved access to affordable oral health services.