2009年-世界发展银行全球_Implementing_the_Action_Plan_for_Energy_Access_Scale-Up_in_Africa_16页_1mb

Summary of the ESMAP Activity P103456: Implementing the Action Plan for Energy Access Scale-Up in Africa

Core Content

The ESMAP Activity P103456, titled Implementing the Action Plan for Energy Access Scale-Up in Africa, was a key initiative by the World Bank to accelerate electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It was launched in September 2006 and concluded in June 2009, with the objective of increasing the percentage of households with electricity access from 25% in 2005 to 35% by 2015 and 47% by 2030. The plan emphasized the importance of country leadership, donor coordination, and private sector involvement in achieving these goals.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Action Plan Objectives

• The Action Plan aims to increase electricity access in SSA through five parallel tracks:

  • Scaled-up household electrification
  • Generation capacity addition (including regional interconnection)
  • Electrification of public facilities (schools, clinics)
  • Off-grid lighting for poor households
  • Cleaner cooking and heating fuels

• The plan is based on the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF), which includes three pillars: energy access, low carbon transition, and climate adaptation.

• The target is achievable if countries improve their sector policies and implementation capacity, and if concessional financing doubles from US$2 billion to US$4 billion annually.

2. Country Leadership and Donor Coordination

• Country leadership is essential in developing national energy strategies and improving governance.
• Donor support must be harmonized and aligned with the principles of partnership outlined in the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.
• The private sector is highlighted as a crucial partner for investment and technical expertise.

3. Sub-Activities of the ESMAP Project

The ESMAP project included five main sub-activities:

Sub-Activity 1: Develop and Communicate the Conceptual Framework

• A stocktaking of power sector development in Africa was conducted.
• Trends in energy supply and demand, as well as the financing gap, were analyzed.
• The World Bank's comparative advantage and staffing plan were evaluated.
• The results of this work were detailed in the September 2006 report An Investment Framework for Clean Energy and Development – A Progress Report.

Sub-Activity 2: Support the Outreach of Energy Policy Makers through FEMA

• The Forum of Energy Ministers in Africa (FEMA) was established in 2005 to advocate for energy sector development.
• The ESMAP project supported FEMA in organizing events to raise awareness of the energy crisis and mobilize funding.
• Key events included the Global Forum on Sustainable Energy (GFSE-6) in 2006, the Ministerial Conference on Energy Security and Sustainability in 2007, and the FEMA Workshop in 2008.

Sub-Activity 3: Inception of "Transformative" Regional G&T Projects

• The goal was to identify G&T projects with transformational potential that could address regional energy needs.
• 107 candidate projects were identified, and 25 were selected as Flagship Packages across four regional power pools.
• These projects are expected to significantly boost electricity supply in the near to medium term and require comprehensive feasibility studies and financial structuring.

Sub-Activity 4: Development of Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp)

• A SWAp approach was promoted to align donor and private sector support with national energy strategies.
• The SWAp includes a "Sector Investment and Policy Prospectus" that serves as a foundation for financing and implementation.
• A successful SWAp was prepared in Rwanda, aiming to increase electricity access from 5% to 16% by 2012, with 100% coverage of health and education facilities.

Sub-Activity 5: Pilot Use of GIS Tools for Electrification

• Spatial geo-reference analysis (GIS) tools were tested in Kenya and Senegal to improve electrification planning.
• The Earth Institute (EI) of Columbia University developed an Excel-GIS-Java tool for cost estimation and grid expansion planning.
• The GIS approach helps identify cost-effective electrification opportunities and supports decision-making for rural and urban areas.

Successor Activities

The project laid the groundwork for several successor activities, including:

• Updating the World Bank Africa Energy Department's business plan to align with the Action Plan.
• Supporting Phase 2 of FEMA's activities, focusing on project financing and challenges.
• Further preparing "transformative" regional G&T projects, especially in areas not yet engaged by the World Bank.
• Preparing Investment and Policy Prospectuses in up to five countries, building on the Rwanda experience.
• Mainstreaming GIS-based planning in electricity development across SSA.

Funding and Timeline

• The activity was funded with a total of US$1 million over the period 2007–2009.

• The expenditures per sub-activity are as follows:

  • Sub-Activity 1: $290,000
  • Sub-Activity 2: $600,000
  • Sub-Activity 3: $40,000
  • Sub-Activity 4: $300,000
  • Sub-Activity 5: $170,000

• The project timeline is outlined in Figure 1, with key outputs and milestones detailed in Annex 1.

Conclusion

The ESMAP Activity P103456 was a pivotal effort to scale up energy access in Africa, emphasizing the need for integrated, government-led approaches and enhanced donor coordination. It laid the foundation for future projects and introduced innovative tools such as GIS-based planning to improve electrification strategies. The project also supported the development of regional and national energy initiatives, with a focus on achieving sustainable and inclusive growth through improved energy access.