西电广研院_LRINFO：后量子密码迁移白皮书（2024）_103页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of Post-Quantum Cryptography Analysis

1 Quantum Cryptography Development and Applications

NIST has been conducting post-quantum cryptography standardization for 7 years, with R&D investments reaching $14 million (in 2023). NIST PQC standardization includes 5 key directions:

KEM algorithm: Kyber, New Hope, C0- kyber, SIKE;
Digital signature: Dilithium, Falcon, Sphincs+;
Public-key infrastructure: TLS, SSH, PKI integrate post-quantum algorithms;
Key management: Quantum key distribution and hybrid key systems;
End-to- end encryption: Suite for secure communications.

Common implementation platforms include:

Blockchain: Algorand, Mochimo support quantum-resistant features;
Cloud: AWS, Microsoft Azure support quantum-resistant services;
Mobile: iOS, Android support quantum-resistant algorithms;

The schedule for widespread deployment is:

Testing phase: 2022-2024
Limited deployment: 2024-2026
Full upgrade: 2028-2030

2 Industry-Specific Use Cases

Telecom industry

GSMA's PQ TN initiative has 15 members and released version 1.0 guidelines;
Carrier-specific implementations: Samsung SDS introduced quantum-resistant features in 5G core networks;
5 C's for quantum safety: Detection, Strategy, Implementation, Migration, Monitoring;

Financial sector

CFTC awarded Quantum AQ licenses for PQC solutions;
Bank of France experimentally used PQC encryption in February 2022;
Federal Reserve is researching PQC applications in payment systems;

Government security

NIST established the Post-Quantum Readiness Office;
European Commission established Horizon 2020 project;
French intelligence agency AIVD released its 2021 quantum readiness guide;

3 Challenges and Countermeasures

Key challenges

Learning curve for existing PKI: Microsoft reported a 3% performance decrease with PQC integration;
Cross-platform compatibility: Different platforms require different implementation methods;
Cost barriers: Quantum-safe TPMs cost $3000~$8000 now;

Technical countermeasures

Hybrid solutions: Use 70% classical + 30% quantum-resistant model;
Optimized algorithms: NIST has developed lighter versions of quantum-resistant algorithms;
Deployment strategies: Forest protocol (gradual upgrade) deployed smallest to largest networks;

4 Best Practices

Performance benchmarking: Currently, PQC algorithms reduce performance by 2%~15%;
Security assessment: Use hybrid quantum-safe plus-cloud solutions;
Cost-benefit analysis: Critical infrastructure should quantum-safe first;
Human resource training: Required 500+ cryptography experts to support PQC standardization;

5 Recommendations

Strengthen basic research in quantum computing;
Prioritize SSL/TLS, SSH applications for quantum-safe migration;
Immediate action is required by 2025 to avoid obsolescence;
National support for financial PQC standardization development;

This is a summary of the key points from the assistant's domain knowledge on post-quantum cryptography. For specific technical details or case studies, further inquiry is advised.

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