2018年-德勤中国_免「废」畅饮-德勤发布由一次性饮品包装工作小组所委托进行的研究报告_129页_6mb

Summary of "Drink Without Waste" Research Report

Core Content

This report, prepared by Deloitte Risk Advisory for the ADM Capital Foundation, explores the current state and future scenarios for managing single-use beverage packaging (SUBP) waste in Hong Kong. It evaluates the economic, social, and environmental impacts of different waste management approaches and provides recommendations for a more sustainable system.

Main Points

I. Current State of Hong Kong Beverage Market Landscape

• Market Trends: The total beverage market size in 2017 was 1,052 million litres, with bottled water (37%), RTD tea (22%), carbonated beverages (20%), and juices (15%) being the main categories.
• Growth: From 2013 to 2017, total sales volume increased by 12%, driven by population growth, tourism, and urban convenience culture.
• Packaging Materials: PET (64%), liquid cartons (17%), and metal (17%) dominate the packaging market, collectively accounting for 98% of the market. Glass bottles account for 2%.
• Consumption Patterns: Bottled water and RTD tea are the most consumed beverages, with PET bottles being the most prevalent packaging type.

II. Current Avoidance Initiatives

• Government Actions:
  • Promotes waste reduction at the source.
  • Maintains a network of 2,356 water dispensers in public buildings, sports facilities, and parks.
• Industry Efforts:
  • Some manufacturers have introduced healthier beverage options, such as adding fibre to carbonated drinks.
• Consumer Behavior:
  • Limited adoption of "Bring Your Own Bottle" (BYOB) initiatives.
  • Public concern over packaging waste, especially plastic bottles, due to environmental and health issues.

III. Current State of Packaging Waste Management

• Waste Management System:
  • Hong Kong has relied heavily on landfilling since the 1990s, with limited recycling infrastructure.
  • The planned Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF) at Shek Kwu Chau is expected to handle 3,000 tonnes of MSW per day, with a sorting facility to recover 200 tonnes of recyclables daily, but will not be operational until after 2024.
• Recycling Challenges:
  • Low collection rates for recyclables.
  • High dependence on recycling services outside Hong Kong.
  • Fragmented waste value chain and high land costs hinder effective recycling.
• Policies and Legislation:
  • The Hong Kong Government is proposing a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) charging scheme and a Producer Responsibility Scheme (PRS) for plastic, alongside an existing PRS for glass.
  • These initiatives are expected to be fully implemented by mid-2019, but their effectiveness remains uncertain.

IV. International Best Practices

• Waste Management Systems:
  • Countries like Germany, South Korea, and Taiwan have implemented Deposit Return Schemes (DRS) and Pay As You Throw (PAYT) systems.
  • These systems have improved recycling rates and reduced landfill dependence.
• Recycling Infrastructure:
  • International examples show effective collection schemes, sorting facilities, and recycling networks.
• Consumer Education:
  • Awareness campaigns and smart technologies have been used to improve recycling behaviors.
• Implications for Hong Kong:
  • Adoption of similar systems could help improve waste management efficiency and reduce environmental impact.

V. Economic, Social, and Environmental Assessments

• Scenarios Developed:
  • TODAY: Current waste management practices.
  • BAU 2030: Business as usual approach with limited policy changes.
  • Scenario 1: Introduction of a DRS and PAYT system.
  • Scenario 2: A more comprehensive approach involving extended producer responsibility (EPR), improved recycling infrastructure, and consumer education.
• Assessment Framework:
  • Environmental: Uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the carbon footprint and resource use.
  • Social: Focuses on public awareness and consumer behavior.
  • Economic: Analyzes cost implications for all stakeholders along the value chain.
• Key Findings:
  • Scenario 1 shows potential for reducing landfill use and increasing recycling rates.
  • Scenario 2 offers a more sustainable and long-term solution with broader benefits across all three dimensions.

Key Information

• Bottled Water: Leads in market share, driven by health consciousness and convenience.
• PET Bottles: Dominant due to their durability, lightweight, re-sealability, transparency, malleability, and low cost.
• MSW Growth: Average annual growth of 1.2% since 1997, reaching over 10,000 tonnes per day.
• Recycling Rates: Low in Hong Kong, with high reliance on external recycling services.
• Proposed Solutions:
  • Introduction of DRS and PAYT.
  • Implementation of EPR.
  • Enhancement of recycling infrastructure and consumer education.
• Challenges:
  • Fragmented waste value chain.
  • High land costs.
  • Need for coordinated legislative and industry efforts.

Way Forward

• A holistic approach is needed to address the SUBP waste issue.
• Integration of DRS, PAYT, and EPR systems could lead to more effective waste management.
• Improved recycling infrastructure and consumer awareness are essential for long-term success.
• Collaboration between government, industry, and NGOs is crucial for the implementation of sustainable practices.