英文_OECD_液压油和润滑剂中的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）及其替代品_商业可用性和当前用途报告_87页_2mb

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Alternatives in Hydraulic Oils and Lubricants

Summary

This report examines the commercial availability, current uses, and market trends of PFASs and their alternatives in hydraulic oils and lubricants.

Key findings:

1. Uses and Functions:
   PFASs are used in lubricants due to their unique properties, including thermal stability, low friction, chemical inertness, and non-flammability. They are commonly used in sectors like automotive, aerospace, defense, energy, and electronics. Key applications include extreme temperature environments, fire resistance, and radiation stability.

2. Market Trends:

   • The global market for PFAS-based lubricants is small but expected to grow, driven by their performance in critical and extreme conditions.
   • Regulators are increasingly focusing on PFASs due to their environmental persistence and potential health risks, incentivizing substitution.

3. Alternatives:
   Several alternatives (e.g., silicones, synthetic esters, molybdenum disulfide, ionic liquids) exist but often cannot fully replicate PFAS functionality, especially in harsh conditions. Barriers include insufficient performance, high costs, and lengthy certification processes.

4. Challenges:

   • Technical: Alternatives struggle to match the multi-functional performance of PFASs.
   • Economic: R&D and reformulation costs are significant.
   • Regulatory: New formulations require extensive testing and certification, delayed by bureaucratic hurdles.

Policy Recommendations:

1. International Organizations:

   • Advance research on health and environmental risks of PFASs and alternatives.
   • Implement systematic market data collection.

2. Governments and Agencies:

   • Develop risk management plans.
   • Require reporting of PFAS uses and alternatives.
   • Prioritize research funding for performance gap remedies.

3. Individual Companies:

   • Phase out PFAS where viable and test alternatives thoroughly.
   • Minimize environmental releases.

4. Industry Associations:

   • Improve cross-sector data and knowledge sharing.
   • Support methods for identifying critical applications.

Conclusion:

PFAS substitution faces significant technical and economic barriers, particularly in “extreme” applications. Regulatory momentum is driving the search for alternatives, but future progress depends on enhanced collaboration and targeted R&D.