2011年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Botswana_Country_Profile_2010_15页_1mb

Botswana Country Profile Summary (2010 Enterprise Surveys)

Core Content Overview

The Botswana Country Profile 2010, conducted by the World Bank and its partner IFC, provides an in-depth analysis of the business environment, firm performance, and key economic indicators across the non-agricultural formal private sector. It compares Botswana's performance to the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region and the Upper middle income group, highlighting areas of improvement and challenges.

Main Topics Covered

• Business Environment Obstacles
• Average Firm Characteristics
• Infrastructure
• Trade
• Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing
• Corruption
• Crime and Informality
• Finance
• Innovation and Workforce

Key Findings

1. Business Environment Obstacles

• The business environment in Botswana is generally more favorable than the regional average, but still faces challenges.
• The top constraints include:
  • Regulatory Burden
  • Corruption
  • Infrastructure Delays

2. Average Firm

• The average firm in Botswana has been in operation for 15.7 years.
• Female representation in top management is 16.5%, while female participation in ownership is 55.3%.
• The majority of firms are privately owned (58.0%), with a significant share being foreign private (41.3%).

3. Infrastructure

• Electricity outages are frequent, with an average of 4.5 per month, and result in 3.7% of sales lost.
• Water shortages occur 3.2 times per month, with an average duration of 3.2 hours, leading to losses of 3.7% of sales.
• Delays in obtaining electricity, water, and telephone connections are 39.2, 22.9, and 17.1 days, respectively, which are better than the regional average.

4. Trade

• 9.6% of firms in Botswana are exporters.
• 86.7% of manufacturing firms use foreign material inputs.
• Customs clearance for direct exports takes 6.2 days, and for imports 3.7 days.
• Theft and spoilage during exports are very low (0.0% and 0.6%, respectively), compared to the regional average.

5. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Time spent by senior management dealing with government regulation is 10.2%.
• Average number of tax inspections per year is 1.0.
• Legal forms of firms:
  • Closed shareholding company: 26.1%
  • Sole proprietorship: 22.7%
  • Partnership: 19.7%
  • Limited partnership: 27.1%
• Days to obtain permits:
  • Import license: 11.6 days
  • Construction permit: 125.5 days
  • Operating license: 27.2 days

6. Corruption

• Graft Index (percentage of firms asked to pay bribes for public services): 3.3%
• Gifts to tax inspectors: 8.4%
• Gifts to secure government contracts: 1.0%
• Gifts to get construction permits: 1.5%
• Gifts to get import licenses: 5.0%
• Gifts to get operating licenses: 2.9%
• These figures are lower than the regional average, indicating relatively lower corruption levels.

7. Crime and Informality

• 79.5% of firms believe the court system is fair.
• Security costs are 1.2% of sales, and losses due to theft, robbery, etc. are 1.5% of sales.
• 93.9% of firms are formally registered upon starting operations, suggesting a relatively low level of informality.

8. Finance

• Internal finance is the primary source of investment (68.4%).
• Bank finance accounts for 25.3%, and trade credit for 2.1%.
• External working capital financing is 33.3%.
• Collateral needed for loans is 151.3% of the loan amount.
• 50.0% of firms have bank loans or lines of credit, and 99.1% have checking or savings accounts.

9. Innovation and Workforce

• 21.3% of firms have international quality certifications.
• 71.6% of firms have annual financial statements reviewed by external auditors.
• 36.6% of firms use their own websites, and 82.5% use email for communication.
• Average number of temporary workers: 3.2
• Average number of permanent, full-time workers: 45.6
• Percentage of full-time female workers: 41.1%

Summary of Key Indicators

Main Points and Key Information

• Botswana's business environment is generally more favorable than the regional average, but still has challenges in infrastructure, regulations, and corruption.
• Infrastructure deficiencies like electricity and water shortages are significant, though less severe than in the region.
• Corruption levels are relatively low, with only 3.3% of firms reporting a Graft Index.
• Firms are generally formal, with 93.9% being formally registered, indicating low informality.
• Finance is primarily internal, with bank financing being a secondary source.
• Technology usage is moderate, with 36.6% of firms using their own websites and 82.5% using email.
• Workforce composition shows a preference for permanent employment, with 41.1% of full-time workers being female.

Conclusion

The 2010 Enterprise Surveys of Botswana highlight a business environment that is relatively favorable, especially when compared to other countries in the Upper middle income group and the Sub-Saharan Africa region. While corruption and informality are low, infrastructure and regulatory challenges remain significant. The private sector is the dominant player, with foreign investment also playing a notable role. Firms are generally formal, and technology and financial services are moderately accessible, contributing to some level of economic development. However, improvements in infrastructure and regulatory efficiency are still needed to enhance firm productivity and economic growth.