2022-01-17-世界经济论坛-New_Nature_Economy_Report_Seizing_Business_Opportunities_in_China_s_Transition_Towards_a_Nature-positive_Economy_87页_4mb

China’s Transition to a Nature-positive Economy: Summary

Overview

China is uniquely positioned to lead the global transition toward a nature-positive, net-zero and equitable economy, with significant opportunities for business growth. The Chinese government is actively addressing nature loss through policies and national strategies. Nature loss poses substantial risks to China’s economy and human well-being, driving the need for transformative changes across three key socio-economic systems: food, land and ocean use; infrastructure and built environment; and energy and extractives.

Key Findings

• Economic Output at Risk: Approximately 65% of China’s GDP ($9 trillion) is at risk due to biodiversity and nature loss.
• Job Creation: The nature-positive transition could create 88 million new jobs by 2030.
• Business Opportunities: Fifteen priority transitions across the three systems could generate $1.9 trillion in annual business value by 2030.

Priority Transitions

1. Food, Land, and Ocean Use

• Focus transitions: Ecosystem restoration, productive agriculture, healthy oceans, sustainable forest management, planet-compatible consumption, and transparent supply chains.
• Key business opportunities: Organic food production (up to $99 billion revenue), diversification of vegetables, and eco-tourism.

2. Infrastructure and Built Environment

• Focus transitions: Compact built environments, nature-positive design, planet-compatible urban utilities, nature as infrastructure, and nature-positive connecting infrastructure.
• Key business opportunities: Energy-efficient buildings (161 billion revenue) and repurposing freed land from parking lots.

3. Energy and Extractives

• Focus transitions: Circular material models, nature-positive extraction, sustainable supply chains, and energy transitions.
• Key business opportunities: Renewable energy expansion (157 billion revenue) and end-use steel efficiency.

Recommendations for Business Leadership

• Assess: Conduct materiality assessments for nature dependencies.
• Commit: Make public commitments and enhance transparency through platforms like TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures).
• Act: Implement mitigation strategies to reduce nature risks.
• Advocate: Engage in global negotiations and cross-sector collaboration, such as championing the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.

Four-Step Pathway for Transition

1. Promote Global Consensus: Deepen engagement in biodiversity governance and address supply-chain risks.
2. Drive Policy Changes: Integrate nature-based solutions into climate policies, such as promoting gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting.
3. Leverage Technologies: Mobilize digital tools and innovation across systems.
4. Mobilize Investment: Attract $535 billion annually by leveraging green finance mechanisms.

Conclusion

China is on a trajectory to bend the curve of biodiversity loss by 2030 and achieve full recovery by 2050. Business leadership, combined with policy, technological innovation, and financial investment, will be essential to create a resilient and sustainable economy that is in harmony with nature.