2022-10-18-世界卫生组织-Physical_activity_United_Republic_of_Tanzania_2022_country_profile_2页_1mb

Tanzania: Summary of Physical Activity and NCDs

Core Content Overview

The document outlines the current status of physical activity and its association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health in the United Republic of Tanzania. It provides data on population demographics, healthcare costs, and policy frameworks aimed at promoting physical activity and addressing related health issues.

Population Statistics

• Total Population (2022): 65,498,000
• Population Aged <20: 54%
• Population Aged >60: 5%
• World Bank Income Group: Low
• Gross Domestic Product per capita (INT$): 2,780

Healthcare Costs

• Direct Healthcare Costs per Year Attributable to NCDs and Mental Health Linked to Physical Inactivity:
  • US$: 2,664,264
  • INT$: 6,880,281
• Cumulative Costs Between 2020 and 2030:
  • US$: 29,306,903
  • INT$: 75,683,095

Key Policies and Initiatives

1. National Policy on Walking and Cycling

• Includes separate infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists.
• Features safe crossings and speed management.
• Legislation Available: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not fully operational

2. National Policy on Public Transport

• Legislation Available: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not fully operational

3. National Road Safety Strategy

• Legislation Available: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not fully operational

4. National NCD Policy Including Physical Activity

• Legislation Available: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not fully operational

5. National Physical Activity Policy

• Legislation Available: Yes
• Implementation Status: Operational in some areas

Promotion of Physical Activity

1. In Workplaces

• Brief Intervention: Yes, used in over 50% of facilities
• Referral System: Yes

2. In Childcare Settings

• Brief Intervention: Yes, used in over 50% of facilities
• Referral System: Yes

3. Through Community Sports

• Brief Intervention: Yes, used in over 50% of facilities
• Referral System: Yes

4. In Public Open Spaces

• Brief Intervention: Yes, used in over 50% of facilities
• Referral System: Yes

5. For Older Adults

• Brief Intervention: Yes, used in over 50% of facilities
• Referral System: Yes

6. For People with Disability

• Brief Intervention: Not Available
• Referral System: Not Available

Digital Programmes

• mHealth for NCD Prevention: Yes
• Implementation Status: Operational

School-Based Approaches

• Quality Physical Education: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not operational

National Surveillance of Physical Activity

• Children: Yes
• Adolescents: Yes
• Adults: Yes
• Older Adults: Yes

National Target for Physical Activity

• Policy Existence: Yes
• Implementation Status: Not fully operational

Main Points and Recommendations

• Tanzania has a young population with over half under 20 years, but a low percentage of older adults.
• The country is classified as low-income by the World Bank, which affects healthcare resource allocation.
• Physical inactivity is a significant contributor to NCDs and mental health issues, with high direct healthcare costs.
• Legislation exists for key areas like walking/cycling, public transport, and road safety, but implementation is limited.
• National policies on NCDs and physical activity are in place, but operationalization remains a challenge.
• Community-based initiatives and digital health programmes are being used to promote physical activity, showing some progress.
• School-based physical education is recommended but not yet fully operational.
• Surveillance systems are established for various age groups, but comprehensive monitoring is needed for adults and older adults.
• Target setting for physical activity is present, but effective implementation is required to achieve desired outcomes.

Conclusion

Tanzania faces significant challenges in addressing non-communicable diseases and mental health issues linked to physical inactivity. While policies and legislation are in place, implementation and operationalization remain critical areas for improvement. Community engagement, digital health tools, and school-based interventions offer promising avenues for increasing physical activity levels, but systematic integration into national health strategies is necessary for long-term success.