2023-11-05-世界卫生组织-Global_Tuberculosis_Report_Factsheet_2023_2页_1003kb

Tuberculosis Global Situation

Overview

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious airborne disease and one of the top infectious killers worldwide in 2022, ranking second after COVID-19. It is also a major cause of deaths among people living with HIV and linked to antimicrobial resistance.

2022 Statistics

• Estimated 10.6 million new cases globally.
• Approximately 1.30 million deaths, including 167,000 among those with HIV.
• An increase in incidence rate by 3.9% from 2020 to 2022, reversing previous declines.

Mortality and Burden

• TB was the leading cause of death for people with HIV and a significant factor in antimicrobial resistance-related deaths.
• In 2022, the drop in deaths compared to 2020 and 2021 brought deaths closer to pre-pandemic levels.
• Eight countries accounted for over two-thirds of cases: India, Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Globally, 7.5 million new cases diagnosed in 2022, the highest since 1995, still a gap with an estimated 3.1 million undiagnosed.
• Drug-resistant TB affects an estimated 410,000 people, but only 175,650 were diagnosed and treated, with a treatment success rate of 63%.
• TB preventive treatment provided to 3.8 million people, including most living with HIV, but still short of targets.
• Advances in diagnostics include molecular tests and new regimens, but uptake remains limited, used for only 47% of cases.

Global Efforts and Burden Factors

• Global TB fight has saved an estimated 75 million lives since 2000 through multisectoral actions, including improved universal health coverage.
• TB incidence linked to factors like HIV infection, malnutrition, alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes.
• Efforts focus on integrating TB services with broader health systems and addressing social determinants.

Funding and Research

• Annual funding need is US$13 billion, but only US$5.8 billion was spent in 2022.
• Research is ongoing, with 28 drugs in clinical trials and 16 vaccine candidates in development.
• Domestic financing covers 80% of TB spending in 2022, while international funding from sources like the Global Fund is crucial in low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusion

TB remains a significant public health crisis, with persistent gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and funding. Global collaboration and increased investment are essential to achieve TB-end goals by 2030 under the End TB Strategy.