2025-01-12-世界银行-孟加拉国塑料废物管理的行为洞察（英）_86页_10mb

Behavioral Insights for Plastic Waste Management in Bangladesh

Context

• Annual urban plastic consumption in Bangladesh tripled from 2005 (3.0 kg) to 2020 (9.0 kg).
• Coastal and urban areas face significant challenges in managing single-use plastics (SUPs) and waste leakage.
• Existing policies lack effective enforcement.

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Methodologies

• Cox’s Bazar Study: Used qualitative behavioral diagnostics (COM-B framework) to explore capability, opportunity, and motivation barriers.
  • Focused on businesses, customers, and municipality staff.
• Dhaka Survey: Quantitative knowledge and practices survey to identify structural, economic, and informational challenges.

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Key Findings

Awareness vs. Behavior

• High awareness of environmental harms of plastics, but limited knowledge of personal health impacts.
• Low perceived need for behavioral change due to convenience and habit reliance on SUPs.

Behavioral Barriers

1. Capability Barriers:
   • Lack of clarity on SUP definitions and waste disposal methods.
   • Insufficient knowledge of affordable alternatives and proper segregation.
2. Opportunity Barriers:
   • Inadequate waste collection, disposal infrastructure, and enforcement.
   • Limited environmental cues and convenient access to SUPs.
3. Motivation Barriers:
   • Present bias (prioritizing immediate convenience over long-term benefits).
   • Habit formation and lack of accountability for waste management.

Structural Issues

• Informal waste pickers and recycling systems lack formal integration.
• Weak enforcement of existing regulations, eroding public trust.

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Recommendations

1. Strengthen Enforcement and Awareness:
   • Increase fines and involve NGOs in awareness campaigns targeting SUP alternatives.
2. Improve Waste Management Infrastructure:
   • Expand segregated waste collection, invest in recycling facilities, and formalize informal systems.
3. Promote Behavioral Change:
   • Use social norms, gamification, and salient cues to encourage sustainable practices.
   • Create accessible and economically viable SUP alternatives.
4. Enhance Stakeholder Engagement:
   • Foster public-private partnerships and community-based initiatives to address diffusion of responsibility.
   • Target training for cleaning staff and decision-makers.

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Conclusions

• Behavioral change requires systemic and integrated interventions, combining infrastructure improvements with targeted awareness campaigns.
• Accountability must shift across stakeholders to ensure sustainable plastic waste management.