_英国创新报告2025_英_72页_2mb

UK Innovation Report 2025 Summary

Table of Contents

• List of Charts
• What makes the report different?
• Introduction
• Executive Summary

What makes the report different?

• Aims to facilitate evidence-based discussions on innovation and industrial performance.
• Brings together concise and accessible innovation and value-added indicators.
• Provides sectoral data for policy insights, avoiding traditional input-output indicators.
• Does not make policy recommendations but highlights areas needing further research and action.

Introduction

• The UK government is prioritizing industrial strategy in its growth agenda.
• The Industrial Strategy Green Paper (published Oct 2024) marks the first step towards reforming industrial strategy.
• Develops sector plans for priority growth sectors including advanced manufacturing, clean energy, creative industries, defence, digital and technology, financial services, life sciences, and professional services.
• Report provides data and analyses to support innovative policy development.

2025 Edition Highlights

• Reviews UK's innovation and industrial performance compared to selected countries.
• Focuses more deeply on sectoral competitiveness.
• Organized into five themes: Structure and Performance of UK Economy; Investment in Innovation; Industrial Performance International Comparison; Science & Engineering Workforce; Net Zero Innovation.

Executive Summary

Key Findings

1. The UK’s Industrial Competitiveness

• UK share of global manufacturing value added fell from 3.1% in 2000 to 1.9% in 2022, while G7 countries collectively lost half their global manufacturing share.
• UK manufacturing exports nearly halved (from 3.7% to 1.5%) and exports of advanced industries decreased from 4.4% to 2.6%.
• Manufacturing employment share halved (from 13.4% to 7.2%), though it remains the second-largest sector by value added and largest contributor to capital investment.
• Advanced manufacturing (15% of UK economy via value chain) is critical for productivity growth, though employment effects are smaller.

2. UK Investment in Innovation

• Public R&D expenditure reached £70.7 billion in 2022 (2.77% of GDP).
• UK leads in government financial support for business R&D as a share of GDP (0.48% in 2021) mostly through R&D tax relief.
• Top R&D spenders globally in 2023 included AstraZeneca and GSK, but the UK's presence in hi-tech sectors declined.

3. Skills and Education

• UK has one of the highest tertiary education attainment rates (60% for 25–34-year-olds) but low vocational training uptake (22%).
• Qualification mismatch: 37% feel overqualified; skills mismatch: 34% feel over-skilled; field mismatch: 41% report irrelevant education.

4. Renewable Energy Innovation

• UK ranked 4th in public R&D spending on low-carbon renewable energy (US$1.8bn in 2023).
• Public funding led by nuclear power, followed by energy efficiency and renewables.
• UK was 7th globally in environment-related patent applications.

5. Net-Zero Innovation Performance

• UK has met its previous carbon budgets but future targets depend on deeper cuts in hard-to-decarbonise sectors (transport, buildings, agriculture).
• Green technology patents show high specialisation in offshore wind, green buildings, nuclear power, greener vehicles and carbon capture.

Key Data Highlights

• Global manufacturing value-added: G7 % 56% (2000) vs 33% (2022); China % rose from 6.4% to 31%.
• R&D: UK % GDP 2.77% (above OECD average) but less than leaders (Korea 4.2%).
• STEM workforce: 28.7% of UK workforce in 2023, projected to grow by 6%–10% by 2030.