2016年-世界发展银行全球_Republic_of_Turkey_Financial_Sector_Assessment_Program___Basel_Core_Principles_for_Effective_Banking_Supervision_248页_3mb

报告摘要

Detailed Summary of the Basel Core Principles Assessment in Turkey

Core Content

This report is a detailed assessment of the implementation of the Basel Core Principles (BCPs) for Effective Banking Supervision in Turkey, conducted as part of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) by the IMF and the World Bank in 2016. It provides an overview of the regulatory and supervisory framework in place, focusing on compliance with international standards, areas for improvement, and the overall state of the Turkish financial sector.

Main Points

Regulatory and Supervisory Framework

The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA) is the primary authority responsible for banking supervision in Turkey and is a member of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS).
BRSA has implemented, or is in the process of implementing, all BCBS standards, particularly those related to capital adequacy and liquidity.
The Banking Law (BL) provides a comprehensive and appropriate supervisory framework with clear responsibilities and supervisory powers.

Institutional Structure

Three main authorities supervise the financial sector: BRSA, Capital Markets Board of Turkey (CMB), and the General Directorate of Insurance under the Treasury.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) serves as the monetary authority.
The Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) is responsible for AML/CFT.
The Savings Deposit Insurance Fund (SDIF) acts as the deposit insurance and bank resolution authority.

Market Structure

The Turkish financial sector is bank-dominated, with banks accounting for over 90% of the financial system's assets.
The banking system is of average size relative to peer emerging markets (EMs) when measured by domestic deposits, but larger than average when measured by credit intermediation.
Concentration in the banking industry is low, with equal market share among private domestic, foreign-owned, and state-owned banks.
The number of banks under BRSA supervision includes 34 deposit-taking banks, 5 participation banks, and 13 development and investment banks by the end of 2015.

Financial Sector Growth

The financial sector has grown faster than GDP since the financial crisis.
Nonperforming Loans (NPLs) have remained relatively stable around 3% of gross lending since 2012.

Financial Soundness Indicators (FSI)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016Q1	2016Q2	2016Q3
Total Assets	91.6	93.8	96.7	110.5	114.1	120.7	111.9	115.1	117.7
Gross Loans	47.9	52.6	56.1	66.8	71.0	76.0	70.2	73.0	74.8
Total Liabilities	79.4	82.7	83.9	98.2	100.8	107.3	99.2	101.9	104.1
Deposits	56.2	53.6	54.5	60.3	60.2	63.8	59.2	60.9	62.3
Shareholders’ Equity	12.2	11.1	12.8	12.4	13.3	13.4	12.7	13.2	13.6
NPLs / Gross Loans	3.7	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.3
Provisions / Gross NPLs	83.8	79.4	75.2	76.3	73.9	74.6	75.2	76.2	76.4
Leverage Ratio	6.2	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.5
CAR	19.0	16.6	17.9	15.3	16.3	15.6	15.5	15.8	16.0

Key Findings

Capital adequacy has declined over the past five years but remains relatively high compared to international standards.
Liquidity has also shown some decline, but the sector still maintains a reasonable level of liquid assets.
The financial system is significantly larger than GDP, indicating a growing financial sector.
NPLs have remained stable around 3%, which is a positive sign for asset quality.
The banking system is relatively stable with low concentration, although foreign banks have increased their market share.

Areas for Improvement

Legal provisions that undermine supervisory independence need to be addressed.
Supervisory inspections should focus more on risk assessment and follow-up actions.
The forward-looking component of assessments needs to be enhanced.
Risk management and corporate governance requirements should be streamlined.
The asset quality examination process needs to be strengthened, as well as the accuracy of NPL classification.
Supervisory enforcement should be improved.
Recovery plans and group resolution plans should be developed.
The ability to act early against unsafe and unsound practices should be increased.

Assessment Methodology

The assessment was conducted in accordance with the revised BCP methodology.
It was based on legal and documentary evidence, the work of the supervisory authority, and its implementation in the banking sector.
The Essential Criteria (EC) were used as the basis for the assessment.
The BRSA was commended for its commitment to international standards.

Collaboration and Process

The mission held discussions with BRSA staff, local banks, an external auditing firm, and a credit rating agency.
A representative from the Turkish Treasury attended all meetings.
The BRSA showed cooperation and professionalism during the assessment process.

Conclusion

The assessment provides a comprehensive overview of the Turkish banking sector, highlighting both its strengths and areas for improvement. The BRSA has made significant strides in aligning its supervisory framework with international standards, but there are still challenges in legal independence, risk assessment, and enforcement. The report serves as a basis for further reforms and enhancements to the banking supervision system in Turkey.