2021-08-13-中国城市规划设计研究院-2021年度中国主要城市充电基础设施监测报告_26页_1mb

中国主要城市充电基础设施监测报告分析总结

一、研究背景与数据来源
本报告基于北京满电出行科技有限公司的充电设施大数据平台，聚焦53座主要城市的对外开放公共充电桩（公用桩），通过动态与静态指标分析，系统评估城市充电基础设施的规模、布局及效能，旨在为新型城市建设提供科学依据。

二、主要发现

1. 公用桩分布特征

   • 深圳市、上海市、广州市等一线城市公用桩密度最高（超54台/平方公里），北方城市虽密度较低，但因汽车保有量增长潜力大，发展需加大力度。
   • 南方城市覆盖率普遍高于北方，但不同城市间差异显著，需结合城市规模与地理条件优化布局。

2. 公用桩类型与效能

   • 直流快充桩比例逐年提升，平均占比达51.5%，缓解了用户对快充需求的增长问题。
   • 衡量指标显示多数城市公用桩的平均桩数利用率、时间利用率及周转率偏低，与其服务能力不匹配，潜在原因包括家用车配桩比例高、政策激励不足等。

3. 季节性与动态变化

   • 冬季公用桩效能普遍高于秋季，尤其在北方城市表现更为明显，主要受气候对续航里程衰减的影响。
   • 不同业态建筑周边的公用桩使用效能差异显著，公建类建筑周边效能最高，居住类最低。

三、城际服务评估

• 高速公路沿线资源配置以直流桩为主，长三角和珠三角区域配置相对密集，但部分路段仍需提升快充服务能力。
• 城市郊区及乡镇地区的公用桩覆盖率普遍偏低，难以满足新能源汽车全域推广需求。

四、对策建议

• 精准规划与有序建设：结合覆盖盲区与需求，避免盲目扩大建设规模，提高规划精准性。
• 优化运营激励机制：推广运营补贴、严控资源浪费，“随车配桩”向“公用桩统配、私桩共享”模式转型。
• 盘活存量资源：推动错时共享，利用相邻单位与公建类建筑的充电资源服务居住社区，解决老旧小区充电难题。
• 城际布局优化：提升城际高速公路快充桩覆盖率和服务间距，完善新型基础设施网络。

结论
本报告揭示了中国主要城市充电基础设施的发展现状与挑战，指出未来需通过精细化管理、资源共享与科学规划，推动充电设施建设与城市新型发展深度融合，为建设低碳、智能化城市提供数据支撑。

Summary of the Report on Public Charging Infrastructure Monitoring in Main Chinese Cities

Introduction and Data Source

The report analyzes public charging piles in 53 major Chinese cities, based on data from Beijing Mengdian Technology Co., Ltd., which operates a charging infrastructure big data platform. It assesses the scale, layout, and efficiency of urban charging infrastructure to support the development of eco-friendly cities.

Key Findings

1. Distribution Characteristics: Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Guangzhou lead in pile density (over 54 piles/km²). Northern cities, despite lower density, show higher growth potential due to increasing vehicle adoption. Direct chargers account for about 51.5% of public piles, addressing faster charging demands.

2. Efficiency and Utilization: Urban public pile utilization rates (occupancy, turnover, etc.) are generally low, indicating inefficiency in resource allocation. Seasonal data reveals higher efficiency in winter, particularly in northern cities, influenced by climate-related range anxiety.

3. Inter-city Services: Expressways in key regions like the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are well-equipped with fast chargers, but some routes need further optimization. Suburban areas have lower coverage, limiting the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).

Policy Recommendations

• Targeted Planning: Focus on blind spots to avoid redundant installations.
• Enhanced Management: Promote operational subsidies and address inefficiencies by transitioning from individual home chargers to shared public resources.
• Resource Optimization: Facilitate inter-temporal sharing between residential and commercial areas to improve availability.
• Expressway Charging: Increase fast-charging infrastructure along expressways to support inter-city travel and urban sustainability.

Conclusion
The report highlights the need for refined management, resource sharing, and strategic planning to align EV infrastructure with urban development goals, fostering low-carbon and intelligent cities.