世界经济论坛-2070使命：净零印度的绿色新政（英）-2021.11-21页_3mb

Summary of "Mission 2070: A Green New Deal for a Net Zero India"

Core Content

This white paper outlines a comprehensive "Green New Deal" for India, aiming to transition the country to a net-zero emissions economy by 2070. It emphasizes the synergy between India's economic and green transformations, arguing that a holistic approach to green growth is essential for sustainable development and climate resilience. The report highlights the potential for significant economic benefits, including the creation of over 50 million jobs and a $15 trillion economic impact by 2070.

Main Viewpoints

• India's Commitment to Net Zero: India has committed to a net-zero emissions target by 2070 as part of its "Panchamrit" pledge, which includes ambitious goals for 2030 such as reaching 500GW of non-fossil electricity capacity, generating half of its energy from renewables, and reducing emissions intensity of GDP by 45%.

• Green Growth as a Driver of Economic Prosperity: The green transition is not just a necessity but an opportunity for India to drive economic growth, create jobs, and improve public health. It is positioned as the Next Green Revolution, which can align with India's demographic and economic aspirations.

• Sectoral Roadmap for Decarbonization: The report presents a five-pillar sectoral roadmap for decarbonization, including energy, mobility, industry, buildings and infrastructure, and agriculture, alongside four cross-sectoral enablers such as green technology innovation, green finance, carbon sequestration, and climate adaptation.

• Economic and Job Creation Potential: The Green New Deal could generate over $15 trillion in economic value and create more than 50 million jobs by 2070, with a significant portion of this opportunity potentially materializing within this decade.

Key Information

Sectoral Pillars

1. Low-Carbon Energy:

   • The energy sector accounts for ~40% of India's GHG emissions, with coal being the primary source.
   • The roadmap includes phasing out coal by 2060, increasing solar and wind capacity to over 7400 GW by 2070, and replacing legacy infrastructure with renewables.
   • Enhanced efficiencies and carbon capture technologies are also critical to reducing emissions.

2. Green Mobility:

   • The transport sector is heavily reliant on oil, contributing to almost half of India's oil demand.
   • A shift from road to rail is advocated, alongside the adoption of sustainable fuels (biofuels, CNG, LNG) and electric vehicles.
   • Hydrogen-based mobility is proposed for heavy transport sectors.

3. Decarbonization of Energy-Intensive Industries:

   • The iron and steel, cement, and chemicals/fertilizers sectors are the largest contributors to industrial GHG emissions.
   • These sectors require radical decarbonization through circular economy, energy efficiency improvements, electrification of heat, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and the use of zero-carbon fuels like biomass and hydrogen.

4. Green Buildings, Infrastructure and Cities:

   • The top 25 cities contribute over 15% of India's GHG emissions.
   • Urban planning must focus on transit-oriented development and low-carbon infrastructure construction.

5. Sustainable Agriculture:

   • The agriculture sector is the largest contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane emissions.
   • A national campaign is proposed to empower over 100 million farmers to adopt precision agriculture, sustainable animal husbandry, and green energy.

Cross-Sectoral Enablers

• Green Technology Innovation: Accelerating R&D and investment in low/no emissions technologies.
• Green Finance: Creating a framework to finance the green revolution.
• Carbon Sequestration: Implementing CCUS and carbon sinks to remove unavoidable emissions.
• Climate Adaptation: Developing plans to adapt to a warming climate, including India's cooling plan and indoor work transitions.

Economic Impact

• The Green New Deal is projected to generate over $15 trillion in economic value by 2070.
• It could create more than 50 million net new jobs, with $1 trillion of this opportunity potentially materializing within the next decade.
• A more exuberant private investment climate could help accelerate the transition and support India's post-pandemic recovery.

Conclusion

India's green transition is not only a response to climate change but also a strategic opportunity to drive economic growth, create jobs, and enhance public health. The report calls for a coordinated effort among the government, private sector, investors, civil society, and citizens to implement the Green New Deal and achieve a sustainable, equitable, and inclusive future for India.